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Laws of Atom and Matter: Foundations of Chemistry

Learn about the fundamental principles explaining the nature and behavior of atoms and matter in chemistry. Explore the concepts of atomic theory, definite proportions, conservation of mass, and multiple proportions.

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Laws of Atom and Matter: Foundations of Chemistry

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  1. Chapter 3: The Atom

  2. Atomic Theory • States that atoms are the building blocks of all matter • This idea was developed before scientists could even see atoms!

  3. Law of Definite Proportions • States that two samples of a given compound are made of the same elements in exactly the same proportions (ratios) by mass regardless of the size of the sample or source of the compound • Each molecule of a compound is made up of the same number and type of atoms

  4. Law of Conservation of Mass • States that matter cannot be created or destroyed during ordinary chemical or physical changes • The total mass of a system (reaction) remains the same whether atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged Mass of the reactants = mass of the products

  5. Law of Multiple Proportions • If two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, the ratio of the masses of the second element is always a ratio of small whole numbers

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