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FORMING EMPIRES

FORMING EMPIRES. Motivation for Imperialism. African Trade [15c-17c]. Livingstone explores southern part of African continent Check out the story of his exploration in your packet! Stanley pursues Livingstone Stories inspire others to look into Africa Leopold, other monarchs intrigued.

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FORMING EMPIRES

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  1. FORMING EMPIRES Motivation for Imperialism

  2. African Trade [15c-17c]

  3. Livingstone explores southern part of African continent • Check out the story of his exploration in your packet! • Stanley pursues Livingstone • Stories inspire others to look into Africa • Leopold, other monarchs intrigued Who’s Looking?

  4. WHY GET AN EMPIRE?

  5. POLITICAL RIVALS • Key bases for military • If they get one, I want one • More economic options

  6. NEW MARKETS • Industrial Revolution needs fuel • New foods • More places to sell to

  7. RELIGION • Missionaries bring church to “savages” • Want to change customs and practices • SUPERIORITY!!! • Our religion is better than yours!

  8. Social Darwinism

  9. MAP IT! Use the handout and maps to outline how different countries did at the Berlin Conference!

  10. Slicing Up the “Cake” The Berlin Conference 1884-1885

  11. I. Major Motivation • Several countries claim land along Congo River through 1870s-1880s • Need agreement on land division

  12. II. Results • Big Winners • Great Britain (duh!) • France (What’s the catch?) • Germany (What?!) • Doing Okay • Portugal • Belgium • Big Losers • Italy • Spain Africa in 1914

  13. III. European Results • Jealousy • GERM jealous of GB • FR jealous of GB • ITA feels left out • Trouble: FRA and GB • Morocco and Egypt • Fashoda Crisis • “Entente Cordiale” (1904) • Trouble: GERM • Moroccan Crises • Anger at other cooperation GERM GB FRA Above: Europe in 1904

  14. And the People Who Live There? Resistance to Imperialism

  15. I. Italy • Goal • Unify Libya and Somaliland • Connect Med. Sea and Red Sea • Problem • Ethiopia modern in many ways • Army defeats Italians at Battle of Adowa (1896) • First African army to beat Euro army since 200 BC! SLOGAN?

  16. READ IT! Check out the reading on King Menelik II of Ethiopia, one of the Top 5 Baddest Guys in History.

  17. II. France • Goal • Unify West Africa and Somaliland • Protect Suez Canal, Med. Sea holdings • Problems • Decade long fight in Algeria (1830s) • Morocco and Muslim Resistance (1900-1910) • Samori Toure and West Africa Whatever happens we have got The maxim-gun and they have not. -Hilaire Belloc SLOGAN?

  18. III. Germany • Goal • “A Place in the Sun” • Connect across southern part of Africa • Problems • Extermination of Herero (1904-1907) • Maji-Maji rebellion (1905) SLOGAN?

  19. SHARK ISLAND: AN 80% DEATH RATE…

  20. Scary Ideas… Are Germans back then much different than the Germans we learn about

  21. IV. Great Britain • Goal • Connect empire N/S, E/W • Stay #1 in world • Problems • Want access to Suez • Zulu (1870s) • Boer War (1899-1902) • Mahdi Rebellion • Angering EVERYBODY! We’re sorry…

  22. Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands

  23. The Decline of the Ottoman Empire • 1699 - Ottoman Empire reached its peak. • Empire steadily declined for next 200 years. • 1800s - Many territories won independence and broke away. • Other parts of Ottoman Empire taken away by other European powers.

  24. Rise of Nationalism European leaders “divide the spoils” after the Russo- Turkish War • Nationalist revolts • Greeks, Serbs, Bulgarians and Arabs rise up • Europeans sometimes aid • Russia = “Big Brother” of Slavs

  25. A Shrinking Ottoman Empire

  26. Geopolitics and the Ottoman Empire • Why so important? • Location • Oil in Persia and Arabia (after discovery around 1900).

  27. The Crimean War, 1853-55 • War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. • Russia wants Black Sea. • Britain and France allied with Ottomans to block Russia’s ambitions. • Russia defeated, but Ottomans in decline

  28. The Charge of the Light Brigadeby Alfred, Lord Tennyson, 1854 Half a league half a league, Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred: 'Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns' he said: Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. 'Forward, the Light Brigade!' Was there a man dismay'd ? Not tho' the soldier knew Some one had blunder'd: Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do & die, Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them Volley'd & thunder'd; Storm'd at with shot and shell, Boldly they rode and well, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of Hell Rode the six hundred... The Charge of the Light Brigade was a disastrous charge of British cavalry against Russian forces during the Battle of Balaklava on October 25, 1854 The Charge of the Light Brigade (1:45)

  29. Florence Nightingale tending British wounded during the Crimean War • Read more about the Crimean War on p. 735 of Earth and Its Peoples, then tell us… • What was new regarding journalism in war? • What role did Nightingale play during the Crimean War? • How did Mary Seacole help soldiers?

  30. Egypt and the Suez Canal • Canal connected Red Sea to the Mediterranean. • Built with European (mainly French) $$$ and Egyptian labor. • Opened to ships in 1869. • Egypt couldn’t pay huge debt to European banks. • British occupied Egypt in 1882 and took control of canal.

  31. The Suez Canal Cut trip by two weeks and 4,000 miles

  32. The Suez Canal- “Lifeline of the Empire”

  33. Suez Canal Today

  34. “The Great Game”:Britain and Russia Divide Persia • After oil was discovered in Persia, British oil companies were needed to develop oil fields. • In 1907 Britain and Russia divided Persia into separate spheres of influence. • British gained control of Afghanistan, as well.

  35. THE INDIAN QUESTION Europe Goes to India (1600-1900)

  36. British East India Company A. Founded 1600 B. Slowly colonized India C. A COMPANY owning a colony instead of a COUNTRY??? D. Great resources (cotton, silk, tea, saltpeter)

  37. II. Keeping Control A. Army of natives called Sepoys B. Sepoy army guards warehouses C. British government stays out of India, lets BEIC handle everything

  38. CLIP IT! FOLLOW ALONG WITH THE VIDEO CLIP TO FIND OUT WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT THE SITUATION IN INDIA COMPARED TO OTHER COLONIES… • How did the British East India Company (BEIC) deal with threats from outside? • How many Sepoys joined with the BEIC?  • How did the size and population of the BEIC’s territory compare to that of Great Britain? • What kind of people joined the BEIC? How did they try to fit in with the locals?

  39. III. A New Kind of Life A. New customs 1) Eliminate caste system? 2) “Traditions” B. BEIC wants to melt into society C. Indians start getting frustrated 1) Specialized labor losing jobs (like UK!!!) 2) Sepoys told to go overseas 3) Gun cartridges covered in animal fat?

  40. IV. A Wild Card A. Nana Sahib is Indian royalty B. Adopted, so British don’t want to give him his pension C. Nana Sahib starts to plot overthrow of British authorities

  41. Trouble Brewing CHECK OUT THE VIDEO TO FIND OUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU MAKE A NATIVE ARMY ANGRY… • Why did the Sepoy Rebellion start? • What happened to the Sepoys that revolted? • Why did Nana Sahib hold back initially? • What happened to women under siege? • After the hospital was destroyed in Kanpur, what happened to the wounded? • When the British were allowed to leave Kanpur, what did the Indians do? •  Briefly describe the Massacre at Kanpur.

  42. V. Changes after 1857* • Technology • Transportation • Agricultural advancements • Trade • India produces more raw material • Britain turns into products, sells back to India • Society • Caste System Melting Pot • Sanitation * These may not be good for your country…

  43. VI. Political Changes • GB in charge now • No more Mughal/Company rule • Indian Civil Service (1858) • Liaison to the common folk • Indian members, but test in England? • British still racist • Indian Nationalism • Brahmo Samaj (Rammohun Roy) a. Meld Western and Indian culture • Indian National Congress (1885) a. No support from commoners, can’t challenge British

  44. There’s a Right Way, and Then There’s a Wrong Way… China and Japan Face-Off Against the West, 1830-1914

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