Chapter 29 Test on Monday

1. Chapter 29 Test on Monday • Homework for tonight: Section 3 Review questions #1-5 on p. 656. Complete in notebook.

2. Western Europe in the Middle Ages Chap. 29, Sect. 3 - Summary

3. Middle Ages • Feudalism (continued) • Status of women • Women were subordinate to men. • Women could inherit land. • Women might watch the fief while husband was away. • Jewish communities • Jews faced discrimination and persecution. • Forbidden to own land; banned from certain professions. • Scapegoats when natural disasters struck. • Made important contributions to learning. • Feudal warfare • Warfare was constant as lords battle for power. • For protection, they built castles around the land where everyone took refuge. • As monarchs gained power, feudal warfare diminished.

4. Middle Ages • The Manor Economy • Manor: a village and the surrounding land administered by a lord. • Each manor was a self-sufficient community. • Each group had an important role in the community. • Peasant life • Life centered around the farming season. • Spent four days farming for their lord and two days farming for themselves. • Although they had a difficult life, they did have some enjoyment, such as weddings, festivals, music, singing and dancing. • New technologies • Crop rotation, plows, windmills • New technologies allowed peasants to support Europe’s growing population.

5. Middle Ages • Role of the Church • Monasteries and convents • Many Christians joined religious orders. • Monks copied Greek and Roman manuscripts. • Nuns- furnished services for sick and poor, including hospitals. • Schools and universities • Church emphasized education • Seven typical subjects: grammar, rhetoric, arithmetic, logic, geometry, astronomy, music. • By late Middle Ages, Aristotle’s beliefs reached Western Europe. • Religion and the arts • Church was chief patron of the arts. • During 1100-1200’s, Gothic architecture developed. More elaborate, high ceilings, large windows.

6. Middle Ages • Expanding Horizons • Charters were written documents that guaranteed rights to dwellers. • Growth of towns • Increased trade led to growth of towns. • Nobles and peasants traveled to towns to buy goods. • The Crusades • Christians took part in wars of expansion. • For 200 years, Christians left their homes to fight for lands in the Middle East. • Effects of the Crusades • Christian knights won control of lands in Syria and Palestine. • Crusades quickened the pace of change that was occurring in Europe. • Increased desire of Europeans to learn more about the world. • The Med. Sea brought the Black Death or bubonic plague.

7. Middle Ages • “The End of the World” • Your textbook is wrong! Find out why. • “Ring around the Rosie” is NOT about the bubonic plague. • The bubonic plague struck W. Europe several times in Middle Ages. • Worst outbreak was during the mid-1300’s, as a result of increase in trade . • Flea-infested rats spread the disease. • Punishment for “our sins.” • In Genoa, sailors developed hideous dwellings and died quickly. • From Italy the black death spread all across western Europe. • Effects of the plague. • Plague weakened serfdom. Workers became scarce, so they could demand higher wages. • Europe didn’t recover from the plague for more than 100 years.