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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. Scientific N aming System. What is the difference between an element and a compound?. Definitions. Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes. Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down by chemical change.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature Scientific Naming System

  2. What is the difference between an element and a compound?

  3. Definitions • Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes. • Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down by chemical change. • What type of matter can be broken down by physical changes?

  4. Ions • Ionsare elements with a charge. The reference table lists these charges for each element. • If the element is positive, it is called a cation. • Cations are named the same as the element. (Example: Ca=Calcium atom / Ca+2=Calcium ion) • If the element in negative, it is called an anion. • Anions are named ending with “-ide” (Example: N=Nitrogen atom / N-3 = Nitride ion)

  5. You try: • Mg+2 • K+ • O-2 • F- • Li+ • I-

  6. Binary Compounds Binary Compounds consist of only two of elements. To name: write the complete name of the first element. The second element should then be named, ending in “-ide.” • NaCl sodium chloride • KI potassium iodide • MgCl2 • Ca3N2 magnesium chloride calcium nitride

  7. General Rule • First Column: +1 • Second Column: +2 • Third Column: +3 • Fourth Column: +4 • Fifth Column: -3 • Sixth Column: -2 • Seventh Column: -1 • Eighth Column: 0

  8. Remember: When naming, always name the positive, cation first and then the negative, anion last. The elements are named in the same order they appear on the periodic table.

  9. You try… • Li3P • Al2S3 • SrBr2 • Rb2O • BaSe • CsI

  10. Criss-cross Rule To write a formula, write the two ions separately showing their charges. Charges are on the periodic table. Then, swap the two numbers and drop the sign: Calcium nitride:Ca2+ N-3 Ca3N2 Lithium oxide: Li+ O-2 Li2O Notice, we don’t write ones!

  11. Transition Metals and nonmetals • Transition Metals are in the middle group of the periodic table. • Nonmetals are on the right side of the staircase. • They have multiple charges or oxidation numbers and so you must show which charge you are using with roman numerals: I II III IV V VI VII

  12. Careful: This rule doesn’t ALWAYS work for cations. Find the anion’s charge and equalize that with the cation’s charge as a check.

  13. This is called the stock system. CO2 SO3 NS2 N2O5 Carbon (IV) oxide Sulfur (VI) oxide Nitrogen (IV) Sulfide Nitrogen (V) oxide

  14. Try these… FeCl2 CuF ZnO N2O3 SO4 PCl3 CH4

  15. Try these… • Potassium iodide • Magnesium chloride • Aluminum sulfide • Hydrogen oxide • Barium selenide • Cesium phosphide • Strontium phosphide • Copper (II) flouride • Iron (III) telluride

  16. Tertiary Compounds • When compounds have more than 2 elements, it contains a polyatomic ion. • Polyatomic ion are a group of 2 or more atoms that are bonded very strongly and act as one ion. AgNO3 silver nitrate

  17. Polyatomic ions • You are given a list of polyatomic ions. Naming compounds with these ions are easy once you familiarize yourself with the list. • CaCO3 calcium carbonate • LiClO2 lithium chlorite • NaOH sodium hydroxide • (NH4)3PO4 ammonium phosphate

  18. You try… • K2SO4 • CsNO2 • Ba(SCN)2 • SrClO3 • Al(HCO3)3 • RbCN

  19. Try These… Name: Write the formula: Fe(SCN)2 Nickel (III) Nitride CoCl3 Manganese (II) sulfite NiBr2 Zinc sulfate CuO Titanium (II) carbonate MnI4 Gold (III) oxide Ag2S Iron (III) Chloride

  20. Game http://www.sciencegeek.net/APchemistry/APtaters/directory.shtml

  21. Covalent Compounds • In some cases, binary covalent compounds (compounds with nonmetals only) are named using prefixes and end in “-ide.” The prefixes used are listed below. 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 oct- 9 non-

  22. Name or write the formula: NO H2O PCl5 Cl2O7 Carbon tetrachloride Phosphorous tribromide Silicon dioxide

  23. Quiz Part One: Give the formula: • Lithium fluoride • Potassium oxide • Magnesium bromide • Calcium sulfide • Copper (II) chloride

  24. Quiz Part Two:Give the name: • Na3P • SrI2 • BeS • NiO • N2O5

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