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Enhancing MARC with XML Schema for Consistent Data Representation

Explore the shift from DTD to XSD schemas for MARC records, the advantages of using XML in MARC, and related technologies such as Dublin Core RDF and MODS. Learn about MARC validation rules and goals for XML schemas.

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Enhancing MARC with XML Schema for Consistent Data Representation

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  1. MARC and XMLELAG 17-19 April 2002, Rome Mette Båstrup mbl@portia.dk www.portia.dk

  2. Overview • Introduction • What has been done and what to achieve • XML Schema specifications • Gaining consensus Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  3. Why XML for MARC? • Widespread standard technologies http://www.w3c.org • XML (data structure) • XSD schemas for specification replacing DTD and XDR schemas • XSL (presentation and customised validation) • Standard tools available (IBM, Microsoft, XML Spy) Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  4. What has been done in this area? • Library of Congress MARC DTD • ftp://ftp.loc.gov/pub/xmldtd/mrcbfile.dtd • Open Archive Initiative (OAI) MARC XML • http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/oai_marc.xsd • VisualCat XDR and XSD schemas Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  5. Related technologies • Dublin Core RDF XML • http://dublincore.org/documents/2001/11/28/dcmes-xml/ • http://www.portia.dk/pubs/RDF/DcRdfBasic20020321a.xsd • MODS from Library of Congress • http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/ Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  6. MARC validation rules • Syntax rules • Format rules e.g. 5 digit subfield • List of valid codes • ISBN validation • Context dependent rules • If subfield a is 10 then subfield b is 20 • Sequences of subfields in a field • e.g. a e a e a e b k l Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  7. Problems when going to XML • MARC records are not self identifying • Tag names (characters not allowed as an XML element name) • Character sets • No formal specification of MARC records • User specified fields in the header • Non valid MARC records Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  8. Goals for XML Schemas • Self identifying MARC records • Specifying rules: • General MARC 2709 rules • Rules for the different MARC flavours • Rules for a specific application • Use built-in schema validation • Extend schemas with application specific information Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  9. The general MARC Schema • Specifications at: http://www.portia.dk/pubs/VisualCat/Specs/MarcXml/MarcTemplate2.xsd • Specifying general information: • MARC record incl. MARC header • MARC field • MARC subfield • No specification of specific fields e.g. Field 001, Field 002 etc. Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  10. General MARC schema excerpt <xs:complexType name="marcType" abstract="true"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="MarcLeader" type="mc:marcleaderType"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="varfieldType" abstract="true"> <xs:attribute name="i1" type="xs:string" use="optional"/> <xs:attribute name="i2" type="xs:string" use="optional"/> </xs:complexType> Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  11. The specific MARC flavour schema • Specification at: http://www.portia.dk/pubs/VisualCat/Specs/MarcXml/danMarc2Template2.xsd • Specifying record for a given MARC flavour i.e MARC21, UNIMARC etc. • Specifying validation rules • Redefining the schema for a given situation e.g. cataloguing music Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  12. Specific MARC flavour schema excerpt I <xs:element name="Field-100"> <xs:annotation><xs:documentation> <DisplayName xml:lang="da">Personnavn</DisplayName><ElementDesc Location="http://www..." MarcTag="100"/> </xs:documentation></xs:annotation> <xs:complexType><xs:complexContent> <xs:extension base="mc:varfieldType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="dm2:Subfield-100-a" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/> Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  13. Specific MARC flavour schema excerpt II <xs:extension base="mc:marcType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="dm2:Field-100"/> <xs:element ref="dm2:Field-245"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="MarcRecordSyntax" use="required"> <xs:simpleType> <xs:restriction base="mc:marcrecordsyntaxType"> <xs:enumeration value="DANMARC"/> </xs:restriction> </xs:simpleType> Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

  14. What has been gained? • Platform independent specification of MARC format • Can be used directly in an application with freely available standard tools • Can be read and maintained by non technicians • To be determined: Schema for exchange of MARC records based on OAI MARC/XML Mette Båstrup-Larsen, Portia

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