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ROME

ROME. Part I: The Punic Wars. The Punic Wars: 264-146 BCE. “A lengthy and savage conflict fought between Rome and Carthage for dominance of the entire Mediterranean Basin.” The longest running conflict in Ancient World Established Rome as dominant power of Mediterranean. Key Carthaginians.

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ROME

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  1. ROME Part I: The Punic Wars

  2. The Punic Wars: 264-146 BCE • “A lengthy and savage conflict fought between Rome and Carthage for dominance of the entire Mediterranean Basin.” • The longest running conflict in Ancient World • Established Rome as dominant power of Mediterranean

  3. Key Carthaginians HamilcarBarca • led forces in Sicily during 1st Punic War • Conquered Spain

  4. Key Carthaginians HANNIBAL BARCA • son of Hamilcar, invaded Italy in 2nd Punic War • Crossed Alps into Italy • Annihilated Romans at Cannae

  5. KEY ROMANS QUINTUS FABIUS • Respected enemy • Used “small war” tactics to harass enemy • Bought time for Rome • Romans ripped his “inglorious” tactics • Fabian Strategy: wear down enemy by avoiding major confrontations

  6. KEY ROMANS Tarentius Varro • Hothead whose leadership led to annihilation of Romans at Cannae

  7. KEY ROMANS • SCIPIO AFRICANUS • Conquered Spain from Carthage • defeated Hannibal at Zama in 2nd Punic War • CATO Roman senator obsessed w/ destroying Carthage in 3rd Punic War

  8. 1st Punic War: 264-241 BCE • Carthage fights Rome for control of Sicily • Considered “jewel of Mediterranean” due to strategic location • Rome builds fleet to defeat Carthage • Used “corvus” to fight land battles at sea • Wooden bridge with iron spike • Rome gains Sicily, Carthage turns to conquer Spain

  9. 2nd Punic War: 218-201 BCE • Carthage conquers Spain • Rome threatened • Hannibal goes on offensive • crosses Alps • Rome refuses surrender • Scipio invades N. Africa • Hannibal recalled • Defeated by Scipio at Zama

  10. Hannibal Crosses the Alps • Goal: invade Italian peninsula and destroy Rome’s alliances • Crossed Arno River in Gaul • Left Spain, went through Gaul • Beat two Roman armies after crossing Alps

  11. Battle of Cannae 216 BCE • Hannibal’s most famous victory • Hannibal’s army outnumbered 2 to 1 • Faced 85,000 Romans led by hot head Terentius Varro • Hannibal arranged forces in convex half-circle • Romans charged middle in giant block • Carthaginians enveloped Romans and slaughtered 70,000

  12. Battle of Zama 202 BCE • Scipio invades N. Africa • Hannibal recalled to defend Carthage • Roman’s outnumbered by 10,000 men • Hannibal had 80 war elephants • Romans formed corridors and killed elephants when they ran through • As Carthaginians pushed forward, Roman Numidi an cavalry charged from behind

  13. 3rd Punic War: 149-146 BCE • Rome finds excuse to destroy Carthage • Besiege city for 3 years • Break through in 146 BCE • 6 days of urban fighting • Romans level houses to reach citadel • 50,000 surrender and enslaved • 900 Roman deserters fought until death • Carthage razed to the ground

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