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A Social History of Data Aggregation

A Social History of Data Aggregation. Sofie Gogic LIS 550 Winter 2012. Ancient Censuses. Ancient Greece, China, Rome, Babylon Rome: military focus, counted males only Babylonia: agricultural focus Used for land allocation, taxation

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A Social History of Data Aggregation

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  1. A Social History of Data Aggregation SofieGogic LIS 550 Winter 2012

  2. Ancient Censuses • Ancient Greece, China, Rome, Babylon • Rome: military focus, counted males only • Babylonia: agricultural focus • Used for land allocation, taxation • If you weren’t counted as a slave, you were doing pretty well.

  3. First US Census Schedule - 1790

  4. Census History • 1790- first decennial US Census: Political representation • 1902- US Census Bureau • 1954- Title 13, Section 9 US code against identification of an individual’s census data • Privacy Act of 1974- establishment of the Federal Privacy Board and “standards and management systems for handling information relating to individuals”

  5. WWII: Census Warfare The Holocaust Vs. Japanese American Internment

  6. So…Confidentiality Makes Everything OK? Title 13 of the United States Code, Section 9, part a: Neither the Secretary, nor any other officer or employee of the Department of Commerce or bureau or agency thereof, or local government census liaison may, except as provided in section 8 or 16 or chapter 10 of this title or section 210 of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1998 Use the information furnished under the provisions of this title for any purpose other than the statistical purposes for which it is supplied; or Make any publication whereby the data furnished by any particular establishment or individual under this title can be identified; or Permit anyone other than the sworn officers and employees of the Department or bureau or agency thereof to examine the individual reports. No department, bureau, agency, officer, or employee of the Government, except the Secretary in carrying out the purposes of this title, shall require, for any reason, copies of census reports which have been retained by any such establishment or individual. Copies of census reports, which have been so retained, shall be immune from legal process, and shall not, without the consent of the individual or establishment concerned, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial or administrative proceeding.

  7. Census-Based Market Segmentation: PRIZM

  8. Data Aggregation 101 • Tracking: A small tracking “pixel” or javascript code embedded in the viewed page triggers the tracking server which collects and records attributes of the page, IP address, location of device, search query (if applicable), etc. User profiles are created from the aggregation of this data and reflect a high level of personal identification. • Targeting: Data aggregated through tracking can then be used to create individual user profiles as well as behavioral profiles for user sets in order to provide relevant advertising. • Behavioral Credit Scoring by banks that may give or deny credit/loans based on the correlation of customer’s online behavior vs tendencies of their related behavior profile.

  9. Data Aggregation Today • 23rd of February, 2012: Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights • Facebook made $3.2 billion from advertising in 2011 • Google made $36.5 billion from advertising in 2011 • Facebook and Google have tracking terms in their TOS • These services are offered free of charge to users because of the advertising revenue collected from them. • Data slaves?

  10. Print Sources Andrews, Lori. Facebook is Using You. New York Times, 4 February 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/05/opinion/sunday/facebook-is-using- you.html?pagewanted=all Bilenko, Mikhael, Matthew Richardson, Janice Y. Tsai. Targeted, Not Tracked: Client-Side Solutions For Privacy Friendly Behavioral Advertising. Microsoft, 2011. http://petsymposium.org/2011/papers/hotpets11-final3Bilenko.pdf Harper, Jim. It’s Modern Trade: Web Users Get as Much as They Give. Wall Street Journal, 6 August 2010. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703748904575411530096840 958.html Mamo, Andrew. Data Aggregation, Credit Scoring, and Privacy. Harvard CRCL, 13 February 2012. http://harvardcrcl.org/2012/02/13/data-aggregation- credit-scoring-and- privacy/ Missiakoulis, Spyros, Cecrops, King of Athens: the First Recorded Population Census in History. International Statistical Review, Volume 78, Issue 3, pps 413–418, December 2010 Robertson, Michael. Privacy Overreaction Will Slow Progress. U-T San Diego, 13 November 2011. http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/nov/13/privacy-overreaction-will- slow-progress/ Schwartz, Matthew J.. Obama’s Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights: 9 Facts. InformationWeek, 23 February 2012. http://www.informationweek.com/news/security/privacy/232 601 343 US Census Bureau, Legislation, 25 January 2012. http://www.census.gov/history/www/reference/legislation/

  11. Image Sources Roman Census Frieze: Courtesy of Marie-LanNguyen, Wikimedia Commons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altar_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_Louvre_n1.jpg Camp Harmony: Museum of History and Industry http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm-ayp/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/imlsmohai&CISOPTR=1425&CISOBOX=1&REC=13 1790 Census Schedule: US Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov/history/pdf/1790_Census_Act.pdf US Census Tabulators: US Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov/history/www/sights_sounds/photos/ Buchenwald: US Holocaust Memorial Museum http://digitalassets.ushmm.org/photoarchives/detail.aspx?id=1051021&search=prisoners&index=51 American Dreams: http://www.claritas.com/MyBestSegments/Default.jsp?ID=0&SubID=&pageName=Home Geo-Marketing: I4Innovations @ Blogger: http://i4innovations.blogspot.com/2011/11/location-location-location-geo.html

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