Nov. 12-13

1. Nov. 12-13 • Warm-up: Define  • Agree/Disagree • Notes on the Renaissance • Worksheets on the Renaissance • Video on Renaissance • urban society • secular • humanism • fresco

2. Agree/Disagree • The Renaissance began in Italy because the city-states had become wealthy due to trade. • The Gutenburg Press accelerated the spread of ideas. • Renaissance are rejected showing the human body. • William Shakespeare focused on religious themes.

3. The Renaissance

4. The Renaissance • French for “rebirth • Rebirth of learning in Europe • Started in 1400s in Italy • City-states had grown wealthy due to trade with Asia • Spread throughout Europe • Challenged medieval intellectual foundations

5. Causes • Crusades • Trade/interaction with Muslims • Ended Dark Ages • Ancient Learning • Reacquired and studied Greek and Roman works • Sparked interest in Humanism and pre-Christian ideas

6. Gutenberg Press • First printing press • Accelerated spread of ideas through translation and mass production • Increased desire for literacy

7. Competitiveness • Cites tried to outdo one another • Intellectually • Artistically • Architecturally • Florence • Republic • Reality: Medici family dominated politics

8. Effects: Science • Weapon’s engineering • Anatomical study of human body (Da Vinci) • Heliocentric theory (Earth orbits sun by Copernicus)

9. Galileo’s telescope (study of planetary motion, confirmed Copernicus’ theory) • Scientific discoveries often condemned by church

10. Effects: Artistic • Advances in art • Oil-based paints • Realism • Perspective in painting • Led to artistic revolution • Usually displayed glory of Christianity or beauty of human body

11. Artists • Leonardo Da Vinci – true Renaissance man • Painter, sculptor, scientist, inventor • Mona Lisa and The Last Supper • Michelangelo – artist and sculptor • David and ceiling of Sistine Chapel

12. Architecture • Domed cathedrals, large frescoes • Movement away from gothic style to classical style • Brunelleschi’s Duomo for Florence Cathedral • Michelangelo’s Saint Peter’s Basilica

13. Literature • Focused on human themes rather than religion • William Shakespeare: Wrote dramas, comedies, histories and dramas (Hamlet) • Focused on weakness and flaws of humans • Miguel de Cervantes • Don Quixote – first modern novel

14. Nov. 14-15 • Warm-up: Define  • Agree/Disagree • Notes on the Reformation • Video on the Renaissance with worksheet • dowry • Christian humanism • salvation • indulgence

15. Agree/Disagree • Machiavelli thinks the most important thing for a ruler is to be loved. • Humanists focus on the individuals. • Secularists focus on the afterlife. • Martin Luther supported the practice of indulgences.

16. Effects: Political • Catholic Church questioned • Italian city-states used formal diplomacy • Led to increase in powerful monarchs

17. Machiavelli • Machiavelli wrote The Prince. • Said more effective for ruler to be feared than loved • Do what you need to stay in power • Ends justify the means

18. Effects: Economic • Led to increase in trade and new merchant class • Urbanization reemerged • People wanted to profit from commercial opportunities in towns and cities

19. Effects: Religious • More questioning of Catholic Church’s role in society

20. Effects of Renaissance: Intellectual • More belief in power of human reason to explain natural world • Humanism • Emphasis on dignity, worth and uniqueness of each individual and studying secular (worldly) issues.

21. Secularism • Focusing on issues of world at present, rather than afterlife • Emphasis on reason led to advances in science and philosophy instead of religion

22. The Protestant Reformation • Protest • Reform • Religious institutions starting with Catholic Church

23. Causes • Renaissance • Humanism, secularism result in questioning of Catholic Church • Gutenberg printing press – common people could now buy Bible

24. Corruption of Catholic Church • Indulgences – money paid to be forgiven of sins • Too involved with wealth and politics • Too large an organization

25. Martin Luther • Monk that sparked Protestant Reformation • Protested corruption in Catholic Church • Posted Ninety-Five Theses, listing abuses in 1517 • Started Lutheranism, first protestant religion

26. Questioned authority of Pope and restriction of Bible to clergy • Thought everyone should be able to read the Bible • Favored direct relationship with God through Bible without church • Was excommunicated by Pope in Edict of Worms and declared outlaw by Charles V • Protected by German princes

27. Nov. 16-19 • Warm-up: Define  • Agree/Disagree • Quiz on Effects of Renaissance • Notes on Effects of Protestant Reformation • Worksheet on Protestants vs. Catholics • Video on Reformation • predestination • annul • mercenary

28. Protestants believe salvation can only be reached through the church. • John Calvin believed your destiny had already been decided. • Indulgences were embraced at the Council of Trent. • Queen Elizabeth was the last Catholic queen of England.

29. Effects of the Reformation

30. Effects of Reformation: Religious and Intellectual • Protestantism emerges in Western Europe • Believed Bible was source of authority. Salvation in hands of individuals • Adopted congregational hymns • Individual thought emphasized over conformity

31. Effects: Protestant Catholic Split • Started with two branches • Others split as disagreed on religious interpretation • Calvinism – started by John Calvin. Believed in predestination (God had selected those that would be saved) • Presbyterians • Anglicans

32. Effects: Counter Reformation • Catholic Church’s reform to counter Protestantism • Ended indulgences at Council of Trent, where reaffirmed Catholic teachings and also banned Protestant books

33. Inquisition – court set up to investigate and try accused heretics • Used brutality and torture to get people to conform to Church

34. Effects: Political • Secular rulers gained power. Used Protestant faith to move away from Pope’s control • Henry VIII - Personal conflict with Pope, so started Church of England • Showed weakness of Catholic Church

35. Elizabeth I – Protestant queen of England • Solidified England as Protestant nation • Successfully defeated Spanish Armada in 1588

36. Western Europe divided • Catholic south • Protestant North • Division led to emergence of modern nation states

37. War – between Catholics and Protestants over religion, land and power • Thirty Years War in Germany • Wars of Religion in France • Wars shifted balance of power to France, England and Netherlands

38. Effects: Economic • Reduced wealth and economic power of Catholic Church • Catholic lands seized in Protestant lands • Indulgences ended • Protestants quit paying tax to church • Protestantism emphasized individual work ethic

39. Effects: Artistic • Catholic art became more grandiose • Baroque – religious themes and appeal to emotion • Protestant art glorified God by focusing on natural world

40. Bible translated into various languages • Led to rise in literacy rate of Protestant countries

41. Protestants believe salvation can only be reached through the church. • John Calvin believed your destiny had already been decided. • Indulgences were embraced at the Council of Trent. • Queen Elizabeth was the last Catholic queen of England.