Chapter 6: Enzymes

1. Chapter 6: Enzymes Created By: Jose Solorzano, Elijah Green, James Lentz

2. Pg. 113 • Enzyme: A protein that is capable of speeding up specific reactions by lowering the required activation energy. • The agents that carry out most of the catalysis in living organisms are called enzymes. • An enzyme alters the activation energy of a reaction. • The unique three dimensional shape of an enzyme enables it to stabilize a temporary association between substrates- the molecules that will undergo the reaction.

3. Pg. 114 • The enzyme itself is not changed or consumed in the reaction. • There are thousands of enzymes and different types of cells have different types of enzymes. • Active sites of enzymes conform to fit the shape of substrates. • Most enzymes are globular proteins with one or more pockets or clefts, called active sites.

4. Pg. 114 • Substrates bind to the enzyme at these active sites, forming an enzyme-substrate complex- the complex formed when an enzyme binds with its substrate. • Enzymes occur in many forms.

5. Pg. 115

6. Pg. 116 • Enzymes can occur in many forms • An Enzyme’s function depends on its ability to maintain its three dimensional shape • This could be affected by temperature and ph. • Optimum temperature is the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction • Optimum pH ranges from 6-8

7. Pg. 117 • A substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity is called an inhibitor. • Enzyme inhibition occurs in two ways: • Competitive inhibitorscompete with the substrate for the same active site, occupying the active site and thus preventing substrates from binding. • Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme In a location other than the active site, changing the shape of the enzyme and making it unable to bind to the substrate.