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Bernd Lewandowski Ruhr-Universität Bochum SCINT 2003 Valencia 11. 9. 2003

Bernd Lewandowski Ruhr-Universität Bochum SCINT 2003 Valencia 11. 9. 2003. A Fast and Compact Electromagnetic Calorimeter for the Detector at GSI. What is PANDA?. Anti P roton. AN nihilations. at DA rmstadt. Where is Darmstadt?. GSI. The GSI Future Facility. Panda.

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Bernd Lewandowski Ruhr-Universität Bochum SCINT 2003 Valencia 11. 9. 2003

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  1. Bernd LewandowskiRuhr-Universität BochumSCINT 2003Valencia11. 9. 2003 A Fast and Compact Electromagnetic Calorimeter for the Detector at GSI

  2. Whatis PANDA? AntiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  3. Where is Darmstadt? GSI Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  4. The GSI Future Facility Panda Existing GSI Facilities Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  5. Charmonium (cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for extracting information on qq models of mesons. Antiproton Physics Program Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  6. Charmonium (cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for extracting information on qq models of mesons. Search for gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) in the charmonium mass range (3 – 5 GeV/c2). Antiproton Physics Program Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  7. pionic atoms π- 25 MeV π Charmonium (cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for extracting information on qq models of mesons. π+ KAOS/FOPI K+ K Search for gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) in the charmonium mass range (3 – 5 GeV/c2). 100 MeV Search for modifications of meson properties in the nuclear medium, and their possible relationship to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry for light quarks. K- HESR D D- 50 MeV D+ vacuum nuclear medium ρ = ρ0 Antiproton Physics Program Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  8. Antiproton Physics Program KK Trigger p _ X 3 GeV/c Charmonium (cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for extracting information on qq models of mesons. X- Search for gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) in the charmonium mass range (3 – 5 GeV/c2). secondary target • X-(dss)p(uud)→L(uds)L(uds) Precision g-ray spectroscopy of single and double hypernuclei for Extracting information on their structure and on the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interaction. vacuum nuclear medium p- 25 MeV p p+ K+ K 100 MeV K- D D- 50 MeV D+ Antiproton Physics Program Search for modifications of meson properties in the nuclear medium, and their possible relationship to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry for light quarks. Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  9. The Antiproton Facility Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  10. The Antiproton Facility • Antiproton production similar to CERN, • HESR = High Energy Storage Ring • Production rate 107/sec • Pbeam = 1.5 - 15 GeV/c • Nstored= 5 x 1010 p • Gas-Jet (or Cluster) Target • High luminosity mode • Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2s-1 • Dp/p ~ 10-4(stochastic cooling) • High resolution mode • Dp/p ~ 10-5(electron cooling < 8 GeV/c) • Luminosity = 1031 cm-2s-1 Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  11. Proposed Detector (Overview) • High Rates • Total s ~ 55 mb • 107 interactions/s • Vertexing • (sp,KS,L,…) • Charged particle ID • (e±,m±,p±,p,…) • Magnetic tracking • Elm. Calorimetry • (g,p0,h) • Forward capabilities • (leading particles) • Sophisticated Trigger(s) Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  12. Electromagnetic Calorimeter Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  13. Requirements for the EMC • Nearly 4 solid angle (PWA) • High rate capability: 107 interactions/s • High resolution: 1.54 % / E[GeV] + 0.3 % • Compact design: inside Solenoid • Operation in magnetic field: 2T Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  14. Lessons from LEAR (CB) • Final states with 10+ photons • Merged 0 are easy to handle • “moderate” angular resolution sufficient • Low thresholds • Emin≤20 MeV Crystal Barrel Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  15. Available Inorganic Scintillators Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  16. Fast Scintillator Allows a very compact design Low cost material But: light yield too low for detection of low energy photons PWO • Improvement of light yield • Cooling (LY changes with temperature) Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  17. photon response: Eg= 45 -770 MeV@MAMI Eg=45.4 MeV Eg=105.6 MeV s/E=5.3% s/E=7.4% counts energy / a.u. PWO Improvement R. Novotny et al., II. Phys. Inst. GI PMT readout Bogoroditsk TCP • further significant increase of light output achievable by: • improvement of growing technology PWO II • (exploiting large experience with CMS/ECAL production) • optimum co-doping CMS/ECAL Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  18. PWO Improvement crystal imperfections: M.Korzhik et al., RINC, Minsk A.Hofstaetter et al., I. Phys. Inst. GI • cation vacancies (Pb) • anion vacancies (O) • insite oxygen • excess of doping ions • Frenkel defects reduced ( factor >3) • Pt identified - impact on quenching? • oxygen based defects reduced results based on EPR: 137Cs: L.Y.: 43 phe/MeV „2 times CMS-standard“ @ T = 20°C Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  19. PWO Cooling line shape: @T=200C 1= 6.5ns (97%) 2=30.4ns ( 3%) R. Novotny et al., II. Phys. Inst. GI fraction of light yield collected in different integration gates at various temperatures change of light yield collected within 100ns as a function of temperature Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  20. PWO Future Ongoing developements in PWO production will increase the light yield. • Light yield improvement of PWO scintillation crystals for the PANDA detector • Borisevich, V. Dormenev, A. Hofstaetter, V. Ligoun, M. Kozhik, B. K. Meyer, R. Novotny Combined with cooling and maximum coverage of readout side by photosensor can make PWO the scintillator of choice for the PANDA EMC. Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  21. Photosensor • APD Hamamatsu S8664-55 • „Photodiode with internal amplification“ • operates in B-Field • High quantum efficiency • Active area 5x5mm2 • Large experience with CMS/ECAL • Extremely reliable and robust • but: gain, dark current are temp. • dependend  T < 1°C 5 mm • Others to be investigated: • Large Area APDs of other manufacturers • Channel Plate Multipliers • Vacuum Triodes, … Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  22. 60 mm 60 mm 50 mm 50 mm APD readout: CsI(Tl) 137Cs @ T = 0 °C APD (Hamamatsu) readout active area: (5 x 5) mm2 PMT ( R1635 ) readout active area: Ø 10 mm Entries Entries 662 keV 662 keV ADC channel ADC channel Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  23. APD Quantum Efficiency BGO CsI(Tl) PWO CeF3 Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  24. Available Inorganic Scintillators We‘ll come back to this in a minute. Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  25. BGO First tests with L3 crystals:  APD readout Temp controlled environment T=1°C controlled humidity 30% rel. Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  26. APD readout: BGO T=0°C PMT R1635 APD 22Na 22Na Entries Entries 511 keV 25 mm 25 mm 511 keV 25 mm 25 mm 1275 keV 1275 keV ADC channel ADC channel Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  27. BGO time resolution • PANDA: • 107 events/s  10 ns time resolution • MC: max. single crystal rate: ~200·103/s • BGO timing test: • L3 BGO crystal • Hamamatsu APD • BABAR preamp (250 ns shaping) • Digital Scope • Record a sample of cosmics signals (~15 MeV)  Make a simple MC test Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  28. Landau fit + DC offset BGO BGO time resolution • Use Landau func. • to simulate pulses • Typical: N/S=0.5% • Vary S/N and FADC • sampling freq. • Linear fit of rising edge • Determine time when fit • reaches half the signal • amplitude Linear fit point of time measurement Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  29. σv [V] σt [ns] ΔTSamples [ns] N/S [%] } 0.01 0.5 100 2.5 5 samples on rising edge 0.02 1.0 100 5.5 0.03 2.0 100 10.2 0.04 5.0 100 39.8 } 0.01 0.5 200 2.8 3 samples on rising edge 0.02 1.0 200 6.2 0.03 2.0 200 12.3 0.04 5.0 200 46.5 } 0.01 0.5 50 2.4 10 samples on rising edge 0.02 1.0 50 4.6 0.03 2.0 50 9.7 0.04 5.0 50 41.9 BGO time resolution Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  30. BGO • BGO has sufficient light yield • Timing can be handled by adequate electronics We will perform further investigations with BGO as an option for the Panda Emc Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  31. Summary & Outlook R&D tasks • Improvement of PWO light yield • Detailed time resolution studies for BGO • Tests of APD readout and radiation damage • Planned this year: testbeam @ KVI, MAMI • Development of large area APDs (100mm2) by Hamatsu • Tests of other Photosensors Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  32. Panda Collaboration • At present a group of 150 physicists • from40 institutions of 9 Countries. Austria - Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Poland – Russia – Sweden – U.K. – U.S. Bochum, Bonn, Catania, Cracow, Dresden, Dubna I + II, Edinburg, Erlangen, Ferrara, Frascati, Genova, Giessen, Glasgow, KVI Groningen, FZ Jülich I + II, Los Alamos, Mainz, Milano, TU München, Münster, Northwestern, BINP Novosibirsk, Pavia, Silesia, Stockolm, Torino I + II, Torino Politecnico,Trieste, TSL Uppsala, Tübingen, Uppsala, SINS Warsaw, AAS Wien Spokesperson: Ulrich Wiedner - Uppsala Deputy: Paola Gianotti - LNF http://www.gsi.de/hesr/panda Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  33. Appendix Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  34. Target An internal cluster-jet/pellet target is under study: 1016 atoms/cm2 for D=20-40mm Pellet target layout Cluster-jet target layout Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  35. Vertexing: Micro Vertex Detector 7.2 mio. barrel pixels 50 x 300 μm 2 mio. forward pixels 100 x 150 μm beam pipe pellet/cluster pipe Readout: ASICs (ATLAS/CMS) 0.37% X0 or pixel one side – readout other side (TESLA) Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  36. Number of double layers Skew angle of dbl layers 1 and 15 Skew angle of dbl layers 2-14 15 0o 2o-3o Straw tube wall thickness Wire thickness Gas Length Diameter of tubes in double layers 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15 Number of straw tubes 26 mm 20 mm 90%He10%C4H10 150 cm 4 mm 6 mm 8 mm 8734 Transverse resolution sx,y Longitudinal resolution sz 150 mm 1 mm Tracking: Straw Tube Tracker Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  37. Tracking: Forward MDC • 6 layers of sense wires in • 3 double layers (y,u,v) • not stretched radially (mass) • realized at HADES • high counting rates • position resolution 70μm HADES@GSI Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  38. PID: DIRC (Cherenkov) BaBar@SLAC less space than aero gel  costs of calorimeter no problems with field Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  39. PID: Forward RICH Multi pad gas Detector Mismatch photons  CsI photon conversion LHCb Aerogel n=1.02 proximity focusing  mirrors Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  40. APD Hamamatsu S8664-55 5 mm Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  41. CeF3 low energy proton detection high energy photon detection counts @MZ proton energy / MeV 85 MeV p + C @ KVI R. Novotny et al., II. Phys. Inst. GI in collaboration with Korth-Kristalle GmbH • good resolutionfor protonsdue to: • high light output • localized energy deposition • general applicability proven ! • limited resolutionfor photonsdue to: • imperfection of crystals • insufficient size • in spite of high luminescence yield Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  42. CeF3 • CeF3 needs further R&D to improve resolution for photons • Rel. long X0  compact design not possible (compared to PWO) • Constraints from target may limit the available space for the EMC  CeF3 is not an option for the barrel part Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  43. BGO: event rates • Max. occupancy of one crystal due to bkgr simulations: 2% · 107 events/s = 2·105 s-1 • Use digital tail cancelation in the feature extraction • conservative scaling of the rise time • CsI: 100 ns / 940 ns • BGO: 12 ns / 200 ns • Rate we can handle: ( 2·trise· 10)-1 = 2.5·105 events/s Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  44. Why Antiprotons? • high resolution spectroscopy with p-beams in formation experiments: • DE  DEbeam • high yields in pp of gluonic excitations • glueballs, hybrids • event tagging by pair wise associated production, • (particle, anti-particle) e.g. ppbar • large √s at low momentum transfer • important for in-medium "implantation" of hadrons: • study of in-medium effects Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  45. Timeline • since 1996 Discussion about GSI future International workshops, reviews, accelerator R&D • May 1999 Letter of Intend for an antiproton facility (40 authors) Studies for detector concept • Jan. 2001 Detector simulation with GEANT4 • Nov. 2001 Conceptual Design Report of an „International Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons” • Nov. 2001 Review by an international review committee of the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“ • April 2002 International p-Workshop at GSI • July 2002 Positive Votum by the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“ • Feb. 5, 2003 Positive Decision by the „bmb+f” Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

  46. ECM Resonance Scan Resonance Cross Section Measured Rate Beam Profile small and well controlled beam momentum spread Dp/p is extremely important Bernd Lewandowski - Ruhr-Universität Bochum - SCINT 2003

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