1 / 105

Park Access

State Program Training 2010 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (DNPAO). Park Access. March 19, 2010. Dee Merriam, FASLA Community Planner National Center for Environmental Health U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

urbana
Download Presentation

Park Access

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. State Program Training 2010 Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (DNPAO) Park Access March 19, 2010 Dee Merriam, FASLA Community Planner National Center for Environmental Health U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention “The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.” F:\# Active Files\CDC\Conferences\2009 Oct 26-28 - NEPH -Atl\PP development

  2. “No Place To Play”The Trust for Public Land 2004 study of children’s access to parks. Los Angeles Boston 97% Los Angeles 33%

  3. toinks.blogdrive.com/ When you are walking – Distance Matters http://www.swanydesign.com/ReturnToOz/

  4. Radial versusNetwork Analysis A X .25 mile radius PP slide courtesy of Doug Allen

  5. Objective Using the City of Atlanta park system examine the difference in estimates of population served resulting from park service areas drawn using radial and network analysis.

  6. Methods • Major Tasks: • 1. Obtain GIS layer showing park boundaries • 2. Identify eligible parks • 3. Develop a typology of entrance types • 4. Map entrances on air photos • 5. Establish service areas • - .25 and .5 mile radial and network service areas for each park and the city as a whole • 6. Assign population to park service areas • - used 2000 census data and proportional weighting

  7. Entrance Typology: Entrance Typology All- Primarily automobile but can serve pedestrians and maintenance vehicles Pedestrian -Serves only pedestrians – no motorized vehicle access Maintenance - Maintenance entrance only – usually gated Pedestrian/Maintenance - Maintenance entrance but pedestrian access is possible (no gates) Potential Pedestrian - No definitive entrance but terrain permits access

  8. Mapping Entrances • Located entrances using air photos • Field verified 61 parks Central Springvale

  9. Potential Pedestrian Access Points - Points along park boundary where entrance to park is possible (permitted by terrain) but no formal entrance exist - Usually placed at park corners - Not placed between existing entrances unless entrance fronts a street

  10. Potential Entrances

  11. Create Park Service Areas • Radial Buffer – draw polygon .25 mile from park boundary • Network Buffers Measure .25 mile along street network from entrances Black dots represent end points .25 mile from closest entrance

  12. Create Park Service Areas½ and ¼ Mile Network Buffers One Service Area per entrance is created (blue outlines) by connecting end points

  13. Create Park Service Areas • “Dips” are where two Network • Service Areas meet • Individual Service Areas are merged into one PSA per park • Results in oddly shaped Service Area (blue outline)

  14. Replace with Perkerson

  15. Create Park Service Areas for the City as a Whole

  16. Assign Population to Park Service Areas

  17. Findings 154 Parks (out of 345) met the study criteria that there must be a reason to enter the park. - A park bench, - A trail, - An open field, etc. Parks ranged from .042 acres to 250 acres 18 parks were less than .5 acres

  18. Park Service Areas for the City as a Whole Radial Estimate of Population Served ¼ mile = 44% ½ mile = 79% Source: Center for Geographic Information Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology

  19. Park Service Areas for the City as a Whole Street Network Estimate of Population Served ¼ mile = 21% ½ mile= 51% Source: Center for Geographic Information Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology

  20. 51% 44% 21% 79% City as a WholeEstimates of Population Served

  21. Correlation between Radial and Network Population Estimates for Specific Park Sites • Least Correlation ---- .5% (Brownsmill) • Median ------------------ 44.8% (Orme) • Greatest Correlation - 81.8% (Hardy Ivy) % of radial population within network service area (network est/radial est)

  22. Least correlation – Brownsmill .5% Population within the .25 mile radial buffer = 2,613 Population within the .25 mile street network = 13

  23. Greatest Correlation- Hardy Ivy 81.8% Population within the .25 mile radial buffer = 482 Population within the .25 mile street network = 394

  24. Most Population Served- Freedom Park Population within the .25 mile radial buffer = 10,524 Population within the .25 mile street network = 6,851

  25. Limitations • Assumes that population is equally distributed within census block groups • May miss access points (undercount) or identify entrances that are not usable (overcount.) • Assumes all streets are walkable. • Assumes that all parks provide equal service

  26. Some streets do not invite walking.

  27. Parks Provide Different Levels of Service

  28. How This Analysis Can Be Used

  29. Find Service Gaps Radial Network

  30. Illustrates where access points can be added. Population within .25 Radial Service Area = 4,311 Population within .25 mile Street Network Service Area = 2,439

  31. Illustrates where access points can be added. Population within .25 Radial Service Area = 4,311 Population within .25 mile Street Network Service Area = 2,439

  32. Illustrates impact of adding a street. Population within .25 Radial Service Area = 743 Population within .25 mile Street Network Service Area = 25

  33. Illustrates impact of adding a street. Population within .25 Radial Service Area = 743 Population within .25 mile Street Network Service Area = 25

  34. Conclusions • In all cases radial analysis overstated service • At the system scale more precise maps provide clearer representation of service gaps • Distance tended to reduce the discrepancy between the radial and network estimates • At the site scale graphics illustrate where entrances can be added to expand service • Graphics show where street connectivity can be added to expand service

  35. Placing parks within a walkable distance Make Active Transportation --Easy

  36. Park Park Access to parks--- Destinations 3 2 1 Geographic Location Location in relation to the street • Have a park– some place to go • Give the park street frontage • Make the park easy to get to from many points in the neighborhood.

  37. Open space in backyards

  38. Open Space located in the back of lots is not visible or accessible. Street House Back Yards House Street Public Realm Public Realm

  39. Photo from Desmond Dr

  40. Open Space that is commonly owned and highly visible and accessible. House Street Park Street House Public Realm

  41. Place park for maximum visibility and access. • Open Space fronts street • Lots are across the street which gives community access. • Connecting streets direct views to open space • Narrow lots front the greenspace. • Highest premium for lots with greatest access. Open space fronts street. It is highly visible and accessible.

  42. Putting the Principles to Work Original Site Concept • Access is through access alleys and likely around dumpsters. • Limited points to view the natural area. • Few of the residents have access. • The site is isolated.

  43. Putting the Principles to Work Revised Site Concept • Main Road fronts the open space. • Maximum natural surveillance • All residents have equal access. • The open space becomes a significant amenity.

  44. Walk route distance is important ! A X Dee Merriam 770-488-3981 dmerriam@cdc.gov www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces .25 mile radius PP slide courtesy of Doug Allen

  45. City as a WholeEstimates of Population Served

  46. F:\# Active Files\Photos\Research Photos\12-06 for Atlanta flyer/McKinley-Wilson Triangle – 5-05

More Related