Qaisar Nadeem Department of Electrical Engineering Comsats Institute of Information Technology

1. SIMPLE: Stable Increased Throughput Multi-hop Link Efficient Protocol For WBANs Qaisar Nadeem Department of Electrical Engineering Comsats Institute of Information Technology Islamabad Sep 07, 2013

2. Outline Introduction Motivation Mathematical Formulation of the Problem Node deployment SIMPLE: Stable Increased Throughput Multi-hop Link Efficient Protocol For WBANs Initial phase Selection of forwarder Scheduling Radio Parameters Simulation Results Path Loss Model Conclusion

3. Introduction • WBAN is sub-field of WSNs • The primary target applications of WBANs are medical health-care services • WBANs offer early detection/treatment of diseases, thereby reducing health-care costs • WBANs capture accurate and quantitative data from a variety of sensors (e.g., temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, etc.) • Sensors are placed on the human body or in the body

4. Motivation • Nodes in WBANs are required to operate under strict resource Constraints • Impossible to replace batteries • Frequent recharging procedure is one of the main obstacles in WBANs • Porting routing solutions from WSNs to WBANs is problematic due to the different network architectures and operating conditions • Efficient routing solutions should be designed specifically for WBANs

5. Problem Formulation: Minimum Energy Consumption • Let N is the set of nodes, f is the forwarder node and sink S • Cis the capacity of the wireless link • The data generated by sensors is denoted by dis

6. Problem Formulation: Minimum Energy Consumption • Objective Function

7. Problem Formulation: Minimum Energy Consumption • Subject to:

8. Problem Formulation: ThroughputMaximization • Let Ei is the total available energy • Emin is minimum residual energy below which nodes stop transmitting • Zi is a 0-1 integer • The wireless channel capacity is represented by C

9. Problem Formulation: ThroughputMaximization • Objective Function

10. Problem Formulation: ThroughputMaximization

11. Solution SIMPLE: Stable Increased Throughput Multi-hop Link Efficient Protocol For Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)

12. Node Deployment

13. SIMPLE: Stable Increased Throughput Multi-hop Link Efficient Protocol For WBAN • Initial Phase • Selection of Forwarder Node • Scheduling

14. Initial Phase • Sink broadcasts its location through short information packet • Sensor nodes store the location of sink • Each sensor transmits short information packet to sink which contains node ID, its residual energy and location • Sink broadcasts information to all sensors

15. Selection of Forwarder Node • Minimum cost function value is used to select optimal data forwarder • A node with high residual energy and less distance to sink has minimum cost function Cost Function (i) = distance (i) /Residual Energy (i) (5) • Cost function value ensures new forwarder in each round

16. Scheduling • Forwarder node assigns TDMA schedule to its children node • Children nodes transmit their data in allocated time slot • TDMA scheduling saves energy of sensor nodes.

17. Energy Parameters • Two commercially available transceivers [3] Energy equation

18. iM-SIMPLE: Improved Stable Increased Throughput Multi-hop Link Efficient Protocol For WBAN Simulation Results

19. Network lifetime • Increase in stability period due to appropriate selection of • forwarder node in each round • Balanced energy consumption among all nodes in stable region • Chain formation in M-ATTEMPT causes nodes to deplete • more energy

20. Residual Energy • Nodes utilize less energy in stability period • Nodes consume energy faster in unstable region

21. Throughput • Throughput is the number of packets received successfully at sink • More alive nodes contribute towards higher network throughput

22. Path loss • Multi-hop topology minimizes the Path loss • Direct distant communication causes maximum path loss

23. Path Loss Model • Path Loss is the difference between transmitted power and received power Where, PL = Path loss d = Distance between transmitter and receiver do = Reference distance n = Path loss coefficient

24. Conclusion • Stable and high throughput routing protocol for WBANs • A node with minimum cost function is selected as forwarder • Cost function is based on residual energy of nodes and its distance from sink • Node with high residual energy and less distance to sink has minimum value of cost function

25. Questions Thank you!

26. References 1: J. Elias and A. Mehaoua, “Energy-aware topology design for wireless body area networks,” in Communications (ICC), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 34093410, IEEE, 2012 2: N. Ababneh, N. Timmons, and J. Morrison, “Cross-layer optimization protocol for guaranteed data streaming over wireless body area networks,” in Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2012 8th International, pp. 118123, IEEE, 2012. 3: Reusens, Elisabeth, et al. ”Characterization of on-body communication channel and energy efficient topology design for wireless body area networks.” Information Technology in Biomedicine, IEEE Transactions on 13.6 (2009): 933-945.