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L-10 Part III Pre-reform Russia (1) 1. Introduction 2. State and Politics

L-10 Part III Pre-reform Russia (1) 1. Introduction 2. State and Politics. 1. Introduction. 1. Introduction. Sources Historiography: “Reaction” to “Prereform” Themes State: centralization, expansion at base Emergence of serf question Formation of “Intelligentsia”

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L-10 Part III Pre-reform Russia (1) 1. Introduction 2. State and Politics

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  1. L-10Part III Pre-reform Russia (1)1. Introduction2. State and Politics

  2. 1. Introduction

  3. 1. Introduction • Sources • Historiography: “Reaction” to “Prereform” • Themes • State: centralization, expansion at base • Emergence of serf question • Formation of “Intelligentsia” • Nationalities and Nationalism • Great Power complex and complications

  4. 2. State • Paul’s legacy: the last palace coup • Violation of noble security • Abuse of high officials • Foreign policy: dysfunctional, unpopular • Intervention in master-serf relations

  5. 2. State B. Alexander I (r. 1801-25) 1. The good/bad binary myth 2. Early reformism 3. Challenge of the “Senatorial party” 4. M.M. Speranskii era 5. Post-Napoleonic: “reaction” and constitutions

  6. Alexander I

  7. Unofficial CommitteeCzartoryski, Kochubei, Stroganov Novosil’tsev,

  8. Admiral N.S. Mordvinov

  9. 2. State C. Nicholas I (r. 1825-55) 1. Clandestine Reformer-Tsar 2. Conundrum of reform 3. Nikolaevan elite 4. Official Nationality 5. After 1848

  10. Nicholas I

  11. 1831: Nicholas Bans Pogodin Play on Peter I “The person of Peter the Great must be for every Russian an object of love and veneration. To bring this onto the stage would be almost a sacrilege, and thus entirely inappropriate. Prohibit publication.”

  12. Nicholas I: ParadamaniaDescription of Military Parade Here is order. Strict, unconditional legitimacy; no presumed omniscience; no contradictions. . . . Everything has its place. That is why it makes one feel so good to stand among these people, and that is why I always hold the profession of soldiers in esteem.

  13. Nicholas I and Soldiers: Lithograph

  14. Conundrum of Serf Reform: Nicholas speech of 30 March 1842 There is no doubt that serfdom in its present situation in our country is an evil, palpable and obvious to all, but to attack it now would be something still more harmful. The late Emperor Alexander, at the beginning of his reign, intended to give the serfs freedom, but later he himself abandoned his thought, as being altogether premature and incapable of execution. I too shall never make up my mind to do this, considering that the time when it will be possible to undertake such a measure is in general very far away; any thought of it at present would be no less than a criminal sacrilege against public security and the welfare of the state.

  15. S.S. Uvarov

  16. Nicholas I: Caricature

  17. 2. State D. Governance 1. Alexandrine: Ministerial reform, 1802 2. Nikolaevan (a) Committee of 6 Dec 1826 (b) HIM’s Chancellery (c) Ad hoc rule 3. Provincial administration 4. Finance 5. Conclusion

  18. Manifesto on Establishment of Ministries (1802)

  19. Mikhail M. Speranskii

  20. Speranskii: Journal on Trip through Siberia (1820)

  21. P. D. Kiselev

  22. HIM’s Chancellery: Components 1.. Personnel 2. Law codification 3. Secret police 4. Imperial charitable institutions 5. State Peasants 6. Caucasus

  23. Benkendorf: III Section Head

  24. Benkendorf Caricature

  25. Ad Hoc Governance Secret State Raskol Committee (1817) Siberian Committee (1821) Baltic Committee (1828) Caucasus Committee (1840) Committee on Western Provinces (1841) Peasant Committees (1828, 1829, 1835, 1839, 1842, 1844, 1846, 1847)

  26. State Budget, 1810 and 1846(millions of rubles)

  27. Growth of Military Forces

  28. 2. State E. Bureaucracy 1. Prosopography 2. Gosudarstvenniki: men devoted to the state and its interests

  29. Civil Service: Size

  30. Civil Service: Comparative Per Capita Density

  31. Civil Service Structure (1847)

  32. Central Officials Profile, 1850s

  33. Civil Servants: Education (1850)

  34. Civil Servants: Social Origins (1850)

  35. Hereditary Nobles in Civil Service (1850)

  36. 2. State E. Bureaucracy 1. Prosopography 2. Gosudarstvenniki: men devoted to the state and its interests

  37. 2. State F. Conclusions 1. Autocracy: apogee of symbolism 2. State: reification 3. Rise of gosudarstvenniki 4. Public reaction, secret reformism 5. Preparations for great reforms

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