Chapter 6 Getting People to Behave

1. Chapter 6 Getting People to Behave Enculturation, Rules, and Politics

3. Rules Formal Rules Informal Rules Rules for Breaking the Rules Customs Who makes the rules?

4. Teaching and Learning the Rules • Internal Social Controls • Enculturation • Internal Sanctions Positive and Negative • Guilt, shame, fear or pride, satisfaction, contentment • Religious Sanctions • Heaven, Hell, Rewards or Karma

5. Teaching and Learning the Rules External Social Controls Positive Sanctions from others Negative Sanctions from others “It takes a village”

6. Political and Organizational Conflict Levels of Political Organization Bands Tribes Chiefdoms States

7. Aspects of Disputes Conflict – divergence of interests Aggression – verbal and physical Violence – severe forms of physical aggression Warfare – serious injury and death inflicted on non-specified members of a community

8. Individual and Corporate Responsibility • Individual, just the perpetrator • Corporate Responsibility is collective responsibility for individual actions • Accidental Koran Burning in Afghanistan • Massacre of Innocent Villagers in Afghanistan • Self-Redress Vendettas Assaults and Homicides • Feuding • Warfare

9. Warfare Relatively impersonal lethal aggression between communities About 10,000 years old based on the archeological record Weapons Skeletons with embedded projectile points Massive destructive fires Reduced male burials Martial artwork

10. Power and Authority • Power versus Authority • Authority with no power • Power with no authority • Ultimately why people behave: • Enculturation • Legitimacy • Conformity • Threat

11. The Structure of Political Disputes • Historical and Political Disputes can be characterized by two groups • Invaders/Conquerors • Invadees or original or existing inhabitants

12. The Structure of Political Disputes • Reasons for Invasions • Invaders want to travel across someone else’s land • Invaders want to use land for same purpose as natives • Invaders want to use the land for a different purpose • Invaders want access to resources underneath the land

13. Justifications for Invasions Terra Nullis – the land is unused and empty Manifest Destiny – Promised land Natives aren’t really people Finders Keepers does not count—might makes right Retaliation for attacks on peaceful settlers It’s for their own good

14. Techniques for Invasion Disease Superior Numbers Superior Military Technology Outright Murder Direct and Indirect attacks on locals Moving people of land or restricting them to a small part Forced change in lifeways Removing the children for education elsewhere Treaties promising compensation for cooperation Assigning land to government then leasing Alcohol

15. The Conquered • Homogenous and Heterogenous Populations • Resistors • Violent and Non-violent • Cooperators • Silent Majority