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Oat Cereal for Weight Loss & Cholesterol Reduction Study | Health Benefits & Results Discussed in Research

Learn about the impact of whole grain, ready-to-eat oat cereal as part of a weight loss dietary program in reducing LDL cholesterol levels in overweight and obese adults, compared to a low-fiber control diet. The study examines the correlation between oat cereal consumption, weight loss, and cardiovascular health markers.

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Oat Cereal for Weight Loss & Cholesterol Reduction Study | Health Benefits & Results Discussed in Research

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  1. Whole Grain Ready-to-Eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Kevin C. Maki, PhD: Provident Clinical Research (PCR) Jeannemarie M. Beiseigel, PhD, RD: General Mills (GM) Satya S. Jonnalagadda, PhD, RD: GM Carolyn K. Gugger, PhD, RD: GM Matthew S. Reeves, DO: PCR Mildred V. Farmer, MD: Meridien Research Valerie N. Kaden: PCR Tia M. Rains, PhD: PCR JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  2. Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Study overview Background • The benefits of diet and lifestyle modification for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor management are well documented. • The NationalCholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III recommends lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a primary goal for CVD prevention. • Weight loss and incorporation of viscous fibers are two approaches known to lower LDL-C in hypercholesterolemic individuals. • Limited data are available on the effects of viscous fiber and weight loss when used in combination. • Whole grain ready-to-eat (WG-RTE) oat breakfast cereal is a widely available source of viscous fiber. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  3. Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Baseline data Background, Cont’d • Weight loss has been shown to reduce the LDL-C concentration by ~0.8 mg/dL (0.02 mmol/L), or ~0.6%, for each kilogram decrease in body weight (Datillo et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:320). • Daily intake of 3 g/d of β-glucan lowers the LDL-C concentration by ~5.0 mg/dL (0.13 mmol/L), or ~4%, based on the average LDL-C level among adult Americans (Brown et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;69:30). JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  4. Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods BMI & Psychosocial measures Study Objective • The primary objective of this trial was to evaluate whether a WG-RTE oat cereal containing viscous fiber, as part of a dietary program for weight loss, lowers LDL-C and improves other CVD risk markers more than a dietary program including low-fiber control foods. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  5. Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Correlation matrix Study Design • Randomized, controlled, parallel-arm study • Included a 1-week screening/baseline period followed by 12 weeks of treatment • Participants visited the clinic every two weeks • Participants included free-living, overweight and obese adults (N = 204) • Aged 20 to 65 years • Body mass index 25.0-45.0 kg/m2 • Baseline LDL-C 130-200 mg/dL JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  6. Correlation matrix Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Methods • Recommendations were made at baseline to decrease portion sizes and reduce consumption of high-fat and high-energy density foods to produce a target energy deficit of ~500 kcal/d below estimated maintenance requirements. • Participants were encouraged to engage in 30-60 min/d of moderate intensity physical activity (e.g., walking) on most days. • Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: • Two portions/d of WG-RTE oat cereal (3 g/d oat β-glucan) • Energy-matched low-fiber foods (control) • Fasting lipoprotein lipids, waist circumference, triceps skinfold and body weight were measured at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 10 and 12. • Dietary intake was measured by 3-day diet records at baseline and weeks 4 and 12. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  7. Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Figure Baseline Characteristics (Per Protocol Sample) Values are mean ± SEM or n (%); Abbreviations: LDL = low-density lipoprotein, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, WG-RTE = whole grain ready-to-eat JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  8. Figure Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Body Weight and Dietary Intake Results1 • Both groups lost weight during the study and weight loss was not significantly different between the two groups at the end-of-treatment (WG-RTE oat cereal group, –2.2 ± 0.3 kg vs. control, –1.7 ± 0.3 kg, P = 0.325). • Both groups reported reducedenergy intake by ~400 kcal/d and increased physical activity to a similar degree. • Total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber intakes were higher at week 12 in the WG-RTE oat cereal versus control group (21.7 g/d vs. 12.7 g/d and 4.5 g/d vs. 1.4 g/d, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). • Dietary carbohydrate intake was greater at week 12 in the WG-RTE oat cereal group than in the control group (52.2% vs. 49.8% of energy; P = 0.017). • Intakes of potassium (+597 mg/d), calcium (+403 mg/d), magnesium (+95 mg/day), phosphorus (+337 mg/d), and vitamin D (+3.1 mcg/d) were greater at week 12 in the WG-RTE oat cereal group versus the control group (P < 0.001 for all). 1Results are presented for the per protocol sample unless otherwise noted. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  9. Figure Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Mean Changes from Baseline in Blood Lipids by Treatment Group P = 0.005 P = 0.046 P = 0.038 -2.9 (-4.7, -1.1) -3.3 (-5.5, -1.2) % Change from Baseline -4.3 (-6.5, -2.1) -5.4 (-7.0, -3.9) -6.3 (-8.2, -4.4) -8.7 (-10.6, -6.8) Responses are based on average of values collected at weeks 4, 8, 10, 12. Values below bars are means (95% CI). P values indicate differences between treatment groups. Abbreviations: C = cholesterol, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDL-C = non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, WG-RTE = whole grain ready-to-eat JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  10. Figure Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Mean Changes from Baseline in Waist Circumference by Treatment Group Values below the12 wk data are means (95% CI). P value indicates difference between treatment groups. Statistical tests were performed for week 4 and 12 only. Abbreviations: WG-RTE = whole grain-ready to eat JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  11. Figure Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Lipid, Blood Pressure and C-Reactive Protein Results • There were no significant differences between groups in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein responses. • The difference in LDL-C response between groups remained significant after adjusting for changes in body weight. • In the modified intent-to-treat sample the difference between groups in LDL-C was statistically significant (-8.0 ± 0.9% vs. -4.9 ± 1.0%, P = 0.018), but the responses for total cholesterol and non-HDL-C did not differ significantly between groups. • At week 12, there were no differences between groups in the changes from baseline in systolic or diastolic blood pressure. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

  12. Figure Whole Grain Ready-to-eat Oat Cereal, as Part of a Dietary Program for Weight Loss, Reduces Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Overweight and Obese Adults More than a Dietary Program Including Low Fiber Control Foods Conclusion • The findings show that daily consumption of a WG-RTE oat cereal, as part of a dietary program for weight loss, had favorable effects on blood lipids and waist circumference beyond weight loss alone in overweight and obese men and women. • The WG-RTE oat cereal group had more favorable reported intakes of several dietary components, including vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. • These findings therefore suggest that incorporation of a WG-RTE oat cereal into a dietary program for weight loss may be an effective strategy to improve lipoprotein lipid levels and diet quality, beyond that of a dietary program alone, in overweight and obese men and women. JOURNAL OFTHE AMERICAN DIETETICASSOCIATION Maki K, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; Volume 110 (February).

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