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Heavy Ion Experiments: Insights into Time Projection Chambers (TPCs)

This presentation explores the use of Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) in heavy ion experiments, highlighting their design and functionality across different energy scales, including SPS, RHIC, and LHC. Key concepts include drift volume dynamics, readout chambers, and electronics essential for operation. We delve into spatial resolution capabilities, various gas mixtures in different TPCs, and advancements in data readout technologies. With examples like the ALICE TPC, this talk covers the critical role of TPCs in tracking and particle identification during high-energy collisions.

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Heavy Ion Experiments: Insights into Time Projection Chambers (TPCs)

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  1. TPC in Heavy Ion Experiments Jørgen A. Lien, Høgskolen i Bergen and Universitetet i Bergen, Norway for the ALICE Collaboration. • Outlook: • Presenting some typical TPCs used in Heavy Ion Experiments • Fixed target – SPS energies: NA49 and CERES/NA45 • Collider energies • RHIC: STAR • LHC: ALICE

  2. TPC constituents • Drift volume • Linear drift (NA49, STAR central TPC, ALICE) • Radial drift (NA45, STAR forward TPCs) • Readout chambers • MWPC • Readout electronics • Analog charge storage, Switched Capacitor Arrays (SCAs) • Fast digitalisation (ALICE)

  3. Channels: 182 000 • Spatial resolution: 200 m

  4. dE/dx as function of momentum for positive particles produced in p+Pb collisions

  5. dE/dx distribution at a fixed momentum of 10 GeV/c for central Pb+Pb collisions

  6. Operational 1998 Radial drift field Length: 2 m Outer diameter: 2.6 m Gas mixture: Ne(80%)CO2(20%) Readout channels: 15360

  7. Collider at RHIC • Operational 2000 • Length: 4.2 m • Outer diameter: 4 m • Gas mixture: • 10% methane • 90 % argon • E-field: 135 V/cm • Readout channels (pads): • 136 608 • Covers the pseudorapidity • range of -1.8 < |η| <1.8 • 3000 tracks per event • Pad size: • 2.85 mm x 11.5 mm(inner) • Space resolution: • ~0.5 mm (along pad rows) Main TPC For tracking and PID via dE/dx

  8. STAR Forward TPC: Extend the acceptance of the experiment The 2 FTPCs cover the pseudorapidity range of 2.5 < |η| <4.0 on both sides of the experiment. 75 cm in diameter and 120 cm long Radial readout Gas mixture: Ar(50%)CO2(50%) 9600 readout pads (1.6 x 20 mm2)

  9. Time Projection Chamberlargest ever: 88 m3, 570 k channels for tracking and PID via dE/dx - 0.9 <  < 0.9 drift gas 90% Ne - 10%CO2 Length 5.1 m Outer diameter 5.6m E-field: 400 V/cm Drift time ~88 μs Central Electrode Prototype 25 µm aluminized Mylar on Al frame ~ 3 m diameter

  10. The ALICE TPC becomes real(outer field cage and end plates)

  11. PASA – ADC – DIG. Detector Link (200 MB / s) (#216) ON DETECTOR COUNTING ROOM Front-end bus (200 MB / sec) FEC 128 ch 25 RCU Data Compr. DDL - INT FEC 128 ch 2 BOARD CTRL Slow-Control Interface Local Controller Slow – Control (1 Mbit – serial link) FEC 128 ch 1 TTC-RX Local Slow- Control Serial link Each TPC Sector is served by 6 Readout Subsystems

  12. THE END

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