Harvard Referencing

1. Harvard Referencing Learning Development Service

2. What is Referencing? Referencing is a system used in the academic community to indicate where ideas, theories, quotes, facts and any other evidence and information used to support your assignments can be found.

3. What is Referencing? • When you are writing a piece of work and use someone else's words or ideas you must reference them. • This means that you need to include detailed information on all sources consulted, both within your text (in-text citations) and at the end of your work (reference list or bibliography).

4. What is Referencing? • Academic work is based mainly on previously published work • Acknowledging your sources is paramount • For good referencing it is key to get into the habit of noting sources as you work

5. Benefits of Referencing • Avoid plagiarism • Showing the breadth of your research • Strengthening your academic argument • Showing the reader the source of your information • Allowing the reader to consult your sources independently • Allowing the reader to verify your data.

6. When to reference All statements, opinions, conclusions, theory(and its applications) taken from anotherwriter’s work must be referenced.This applies whether the work is quoted, paraphrased or summarised.

7. When to reference You include information that is common knowledge.Should you reference? No

8. When to reference You copy a paragraph from a textbook.Should you reference? Yes

9. When to reference You include information you have read about but can’t remember from what source.Should you reference? Yes

10. When to reference You provide the results of your own questionnaire in a table.Should you reference? No

11. When to reference You give your own opinion.Should you reference? No

12. When to reference You write in your own words about another person’s argument.Should you reference? Yes

13. When to reference You include a diagram from an online journal.Should you reference? Yes

14. When to reference You paraphrase information from a lecture.Should you reference? Yes

15. PlagiarismPlagiarism involves deliberately or inadvertently presenting someone else's ideas as your own.It is cheating.

16. When to reference True or False: If you forgot to include quotation marks for a direct quote, it is still plagiarism. True

17. When to reference True or False: When making notes, you forgot to write down a reference. You can’t find the original source so decide to make up a citation, but this is not plagiarism. False

18. When to reference True or False: You cut and paste a section from an assignment you wrote for a previous module. This is your own work so can’t be plagiarism. False

19. When to reference True or False: If you paraphrase someone’s ideas by putting them into your own words, you still need to include a reference. True

20. When to reference True or False: You don’t need to reference something said in a lecture or on TV because it is not in written form. False

21. When to reference True or False: Copying a diagram from a website while providing a reference for the source underneath is plagiarism. False

22. When to reference True or False: You include a commonly known fact or statement in your assignment and do not provide a reference. This is plagiarism. False

23. When to reference True or False: It is not plagiarism if you copy words from a book into your own work, but include quotation marks and a citation. True

24. Which system should I use? • There are several referencing styles used within Queen’s. • It is best to check module handbooks for specific style-sheet information. Failing that, ask your module tutor or check with your School office. • Once you know which style, use it consistently throughout your piece of work.

25. Harvard System Two parts: • In-text referencing • Bibliography

26. Cite2Write: An onlineguide to referencing http://www.qub.ac.uk/cite2write/

27. Getting it all in order - Books Look at the reference elements below and put them into the correct order: The Study Skills Handbook / Cottrell, S / Palgrave Publishing / 3rd edn. / (2008) / Basingstoke

28. Did you get it right? Cottrell, S. (2008) The Study Skills Handbook,3rdedn., Basingstoke: Palgrave. Look closely at the punctuation and italics. Cottrell, S.(2008)The Study Skills Handbook,3rdedn., Basingstoke: Palgrave.

29. Now, put the correct punctuation into the reference below These are the missing punctuation marks: . . . : , , , ( ) Levin P 2004 Write Great Essays 2ndedn Maidenhead Open University Press

30. Were you correct? Levin, P.(2004) Write Great Essays,2ndedn.,Maidenhead: Open University Press.

31. For a chapter ‘Avoiding Plagiarism’ (2011) Effective Study Skills Studymates Crawford, T. [wrote chapter] pp. 143-158 Belfast Moran, P. and McQuade, A. in (eds.) For a journal article 'Getting to grips with "interactivity": helping teachers assess the educational value of CD-ROMS‘ 29(4) (2008) pp. 321-332. Aldrich, F., Rogers, Y. and Scaife, M. British Journal of Educational Technology Write a reference for this chapter and journal article

32. Now, check your answers… Chapter Crawford, T. (2011) ‘Avoiding Plagiarism’ in Moran, P. and McQuade, A. (eds.) Effective Study Skills, Belfast: Studymates, pp. 143-158. Journal article Aldrich, F., Rogers, Y. and Scaife, M. (2008) 'Getting to grips with "interactivity": helping teachers assess the educational value of CD-ROMS', British Journal of Educational Technology, 29(4), pp. 321-332.

33. Finally... If you find yourself confused and worried about the correct format for each reference remember: • Follow the school handbook! • Be consistent: Your marker may not mark you down for not having the right amount of full stops in a reference, as long as the style is consistent.

34. Contact Details e:lds@qub.ac.uk t: 028 9097 3618 www.qub.ac.uk/lds