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The Muscular System

The Muscular System. By Angela Cicogna, Mathew Maglio, and Mikayla Dumas. Major Functions of Muscular System. Responsible for movement of the human body There are about 700 named muscles The body has three different types of muscles.

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The Muscular System

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  1. The Muscular System By Angela Cicogna, Mathew Maglio, and Mikayla Dumas

  2. Major Functions of Muscular System • Responsible for movement of the human body • There are about 700 named muscles • The body has three different types of muscles. • Each muscle is a discrete organ constructed of skeletal muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons and nerves. • Muscle tissue is found in the heart, digestive organs, and blood vessels. • Muscles also help to move substances through the body.

  3. Visceral Muscles • Weakest of all muscles • Makes organs contract to move substances • Involuntary muscle – controlled by unconscious parts of the brain • These muscles cant be controlled. • Referred to as “smooth muscle” because of its smooth appearance. • Examples of visceral muscles: Stomach, Intestines, and Blood vessels.

  4. Cardiac Muscles • Found only in the heart • Helps pumps blood through the body • Cannot be controlled by mind…involuntary muscle • Stimulates itself to contract • A natural pacemaker is made of cardiac muscle

  5. Skeletal Muscles • The only voluntary muscle in the body • Controlled consciously during everything from walking to reading • Moves parts of the body closer to the bone • Most are attached to two bones across a joint • Always connected to the skeleton in at least one place

  6. Diagram Biceps:  located in the front of the upper arm and helpto bending the arm Oblique abdominis: the largest and the outermost of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen Sartorius: muscle extending obliquely from the front of the hip to the inner side of the tibia, that helps to bend the hip or knee, and in rotating the thigh outward. It’s the longest muscle in humans Deltoid: a triangular muscle covering the joint of the shoulder that raises the arm Orbicularis oculi: muscle that closes the eyelids

  7. Continued… • Sternomastoid: turns head indirectly to the opposite side, when acting together they flex the neck and extend the head • Gastrocnemius: the main muscle of the calf, which flexes the knee and foot • Pectoral: the four paired muscles on the front of the rib cage, serves to move the arms toward the chest • Temporalis: muscle that runs from the side of the skull to the back of the lower jaw, helps to close the mouth and chew • Gluteus maximus: the largest of three muscles that move the thighs Quadriceps: muscle in the front of the thigh, which is divided into four distinct portions, and helps extend the leg Tibialis: several muscles and tendons in the calf that move the foot Masseter: muscle that runs to the rear part of the cheek lower jaw on each side and closes the jaw in chewing Rectus abdominis: muscle in the front of the abdomen, helps in compressing the contents of the abdomen Triceps: muscle along the back of the upper arm that extends the forearm

  8. How Muscles Work Together Many muscles come in pairs to move a part of the body. Skeletal muscles often do, since they can only pull in one direction. To bend a join, two or more muscles work together. One contracts and pulls in the opposite direction to straighten the joint out again. An example is the biceps and triceps. Biceps in the upper arm contracts, and pulls the lower arm in towards the shoulder. When it relaxes, the biceps can’t push the arm back out, and the triceps, on the underside of the upper arm, contracts and straightens your arm out.

  9. Working with other systems • The muscular system works with the skeletal system to provide skeletal movement. • As the heart is a major muscle, the emasculatory system works with the cardiovascular system to provide circulation. • It works with the nervous system for reflexes. When the nervous system receives a signal, it sends another signal to the muscles to move quickly.

  10. Fun Facts • It takes 17 muscles to smile, and 42 to frown. • The smallest muscle is the Stapedius, located in the inner ear. • The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body. • The heart is the hardest working muscle. • Muscles make up 40% of your body weight.

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