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Introduction to Taxonomy

Introduction to Taxonomy. Taxonomy . Taxonomy: How we organize organisms into different groups depending on their structures or their origins. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes. Primative Organisms No membrane bound organelles No nuclear membrane

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Introduction to Taxonomy

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  1. Introduction to Taxonomy

  2. Taxonomy  • Taxonomy: How we organize organisms into different groups depending on their structures or their origins.

  3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes • Primative Organisms • No membrane bound organelles • No nuclear membrane • Contains ribosomes • Much bigger than prokaryotic cells • Contain membrane bound organelles • Contains ribosomes

  4. Taxonomy Chart Bacteria Archea Eukaryote Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Protists Fungi Animal Plant Mult. phyla Chordates Vertebrate

  5. Cladogram

  6. Monophyletic

  7. Animals Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers

  8. Animals • No cell wall: instead animals have structural proteins: collagen • Unique intercellular junctions: • Tight junctions: small intestine • Desmosomes: skin • Gap junctions: cardiac muscle • Reproduction • Cleavage: mitotic divisions without cell growth • Blastula: hollow ball • Gastrula: embryonic tissue

  9. Animals: metamorphosis • Most animals: life dominated by the diploid stage • Larva stage: sexually immature form of an animal that is morphologically distinct from adult: must… • Metamorphosis: new development that transforms animal to adult form

  10. A Deeper Look into Invertebrates! • 97% of animals are invertebrates • Invertebrates are animals that lack a backbone. • Inhabit land and water • Range anywhere from head lice to a MASSIVE octopus

  11. Types of Invertebrates

  12. Three Basic Evolutionary Trends in Invertebrates • Embryonic Cell Layers: -ectoderm: outer layer becomes skin, nervous system, inner ear, lens of eye -endoderm: inner layer becomes organs, linings -mesoderm: middle layer becomes notochord, skeleton • Body Cavity: Coelom: Place for organs to grow and function • Body Compartments: Segments: Increases body size and is specialized for specific functions

  13. Systems in Invertebrates • FOR EXAMPLE, The open circulatory system is more primitive than the closed circulatory system because blood is completely contained within blood vessels. • A grasshopper has an open circulatory system while a worm has a closed system.

  14. Symmetries in Invertebrates • NO Symmetry: varying in shapes and sizes • Radial Symmetry: body parts repeat around an imaginary line drawn around the body • Bilateral Symmetry: left and right sides are mirror images if an imaginary line through the body longway

  15. Invertebrate phyla

  16. chordates • Notochord: becomes vertebral column • Gill slits • Post anal tail • Subphyla: Vertebrates (6 classes) • Skeleton of cartilage or bone • Neural crest: in embryo: these cells become: bones of skull, teeth, adrenal glands, periph. Nervous system

  17. Vertebrates

  18. Vertebrates

  19. Mammals • Internal fertilization • Placental or marsupial • Viviparous: (placental) give birth to live young • Make milk • Have hair or fur

  20. Embryo development • Oviparous: egg develops external to body • fertilization can be internal or external • Aquatic invertebrates • Insects • Birds • Viviparous: live birth • Marsupials • Mammals

  21. A Deeper look into Vertebrates • 3% of the animals are vertebrates • Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone. • Inhabit land and water

  22. Types of Vertebrates • Mammals • Reptiles • Amphibians • Birds • Fish

  23. MAMMALS: Warm blooded, hair or fur, birth live young, make milk.

  24. THE END (:

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