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DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT. Process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology. BIPOLAR WORLD. MDC & LDC. More developed country -------- Least developed country Clustered into spaces

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DEVELOPMENT

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  1. DEVELOPMENT Process of improving the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

  2. BIPOLAR WORLD MDC & LDC • More developed country --------Least developed country • Clustered into spaces • Developing/ Emerging countries: made some progress and expected to continue.

  3. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? C9K1

  4. Objective • Economic indicators of development • Social indicators of development • Demographic indicators of development

  5. Why Does Development Vary Among Countries? • (HDI) Human Development Index: recognizes countries economic, social, and demographic development. • (GDP) Gross Domestic Product: is the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a year. • GDP Per Capita: divided by total country population. • Qatar 88,000, US 45,000, Congo 312

  6. Economic Indicators of Development:

  7. Types of Jobs • SECTORS 1) Primary/ agriculture 2) Secondary/ manufacturing 3) Tertiary/ services • Other economic indicators 1) types of jobs 2) worker productivity 3) availability of consumer goods • MDC/ LDC reflect different sector %.

  8. Productivity • Is the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed • MDC more productive than LDC • Value added: gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy. WHY?

  9. Consumer Goods • Transportation/ communication: vital to economic growth. • LDC: mostly found in overcrowded urban sprawl • MDC/ 1000: 1) phones 800 2) cars 400 3) Internet 400 • LDC/ 1000: 1) phones 200 2) cars 20 3) Internet 100

  10. Social Indicators of Development • MDC: wealth is invested in schools, hospitals, welfare. (more quantity & better quality) • Education: 1) teacher/student ratio MDC <20 LDC >30 • 2) literacy: MDC 98% LDC <60% • LDC: requires reading/ writing in another language.

  11. Health & Welfare • MDC: receive more calories, proteins, more % of GDP on healthcare. • MDC: Public Assistance: sick, elderly, poor, disabled, orphaned, veterans, widows, unemployed, single parents. • LDC: Public Assistance: gov. limited, non-profit, prayer.

  12. Demographic Indicators of Development • Life expectancy: difference is 10+ yr • mortality: MDC <1% LDC <6%. • Natural Increase Rate: MDC .2% LDC 1.5% • Crude Birth Rate: LDC 23/1000 MDC 12/1000

  13. Where Are MDCs and LDCs Distributed? C9K2

  14. OBJECTIVES • MORE DEVELOPED REGIONS • LESS DEVELOPED REGIONS

  15. 9 MAJOR REGIONS

  16. N. America HDI .95 • High GDP/ Literacy, Low Edu/ life expectancy • Past: major manufacturer but loss jobs to Japan, Europe, and China. • Leader in tertiary-sector • Leading consumer, entertainment, mass media, sports, recreation, defense, food exporter

  17. Europe HDI .93 • Largest & richest market. • 15 of the highest 19 HDI • High-value goods and services (banking/ luxury motor vehicles) • World Recession has created revealed major problems in the EU

  18. Russia: HDI .73 • 1991: Transformed from a centrally planned communist economy to a market economy • Economy drastically declined. Gangsters became wealthy • Resurgence with oil production but global recession reverts growth.

  19. JAPAN: HDI .96 • Extremely unfavorable ratio of population to resources. • Advantage: 1) work ethic 2) lower cost products 3) high quality products 4) research & development

  20. Oceania: HDI .90 • Australia & New Zealand • Marginal: 1) small population 2) peripheral location • Mining, food exports

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