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Name and Address Conversions

Name and Address Conversions. Chap 11. Domain Name System. A lookup mechanism for translating objects into other objects A globally distributed, loosely coherent, scalable, reliable, dynamic database Comprised of three components Name space Servers making that name space available

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Name and Address Conversions

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  1. Name and Address Conversions Chap 11

  2. Domain Name System • A lookup mechanism for translating objects into other objects • A globally distributed, loosely coherent, scalable, reliable, dynamic database • Comprised of three components • Name space • Servers making that name space available • Resolvers (clients) which query the servers about the name space

  3. Domain Name Space • DNS's distributed database is indexed by domain names. • Each domain name is essentially just a path in a large inverted tree, called the domain name space.

  4. Domain, Delegation, Zone

  5. Name Server Process Zone data file Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Master server Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Name Server Architecture From disk Zone transfer

  6. Name Server Process Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Resolver Authoritative Data Response Query

  7. Name Server Process Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Arbitrary name server Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Resolver Using Other Name Servers Response Response Query Query

  8. Name Server Process Authoritative Data (primary master and slave zones) Cache Data (responses from other name servers) Agent (looks up queries on behalf of resolvers) Resolver Cached Data Response Query

  9. Header Question : the question for the name server Answer : RRs answering the question Authority : RRs pointing toward an authority Additional : RRs holding additional information Name Resolution • A DNS query has three parameters: • A domain name (e.g., ice.hufs.ac.kr), • Remember, every node has a domain name! • A class (e.g., IN), and • A type (e.g., A) • DNS message format

  10. Mapping Addresses to Names

  11. 주요 RRs SOA Record (Start Of Authority): 해당 도메인에 대해 네임서버가 인증(authoritative)된 자료를 갖고 있음을 의미 NS(Name Server) Record: 해당 도메인에 대한 delegation하는 네임서버를 지시 A Record: 도메인에 IPv4 주소를 mapping AAAA Record: 도메인에 IPv6 주소를 mapping CNAME Record: 도메인에 대한 또 다른 이름 설정 MX(Mail eXchanger) Record: 해당 호스트의 메일 라우팅 경로를 조정 PTR(Pointer) Record: IP 주소를 domain name으로 reverse mapping해 주며, Reverse Zone 파일에서 사용 Resource Records

  12. Name and Address Conversion Functions • Domain name  IPv4 address • IPv4 address  domain name • gethostbyname/gethostbyaddr are not reentrant !! • static struct hostent host; /* result stored here */ • struct hostent * • gethostbyname(const char *hostname) • { • /* call DNS functions for A or AAAA query */ • /* fill in host structure */ • return(&host); • }

  13. Service Name Conversion Functions • Service name  port ( See /etc/services ) • Port  service name

  14. Example: name/daytimetcpcli1.c Network-related information

  15. hostname: hostname or address string service: service name or decimal port number string result: addrinfo data structure is dynamically allocated Re-entrant, thread-safe, and protocol independent functions (support IPv4, IPv6) New Name/Address Conversion Function (1)

  16. New Name/Address Conversion Function (2) • hints: NULL or pointer to addrinfo data structure • The following member can be set by caller • ai_flag /* AI_PASSIVE for server, AI_CANNONNAME */ • ai_family /* AF_xxx */ • ai_socktype /* SOCK_xxx */ • ai_protocol /* 0 or IPPROTO_xxx for IPv4 and IPv6 */ • Example

  17. getaddrinfo Actions and Results

  18. UNP Library Functions #include “unp.h” struct addrinfo *host_serv(const char *hostname, const char *service, int family, int socktype); Returns: pointer to addrinfo structure if OK, NULL on error int tcp_connect(const char *hostname, const char *service); int tcp_listen(const char *hostname, const char *service, socklen_t *lenptr); Both returns: connected socket descriptor if OK, no return on error int udp_client(const char *hostname, const char *service, void **saptr, socklen_t *lenp); Returns: unconnected socket descriptor if OK, no return on error saptr: address of a pointer to a socket address structure that stores destination IP addr/port # for future calls to sendto int udp_connect(const char *hostname, const char *service); Returns: connected socket descriptor if OK, no return on error int udp_server(const char *hostname, const char *service, socklen_t *lenptr); Rerurns: unconnected socket descriptor if OK, no return on error

  19. tcp_connect and tcp_listen Functions

  20. Protocol-indep Daytime TCP Client/Server names/daytimetcpcli.c names/daytimetcpsrv1.c

  21. Protocol-indep Daytime UDP Client/Server names/daytimeudpcli1.c names/daytimeudpsrv2.c

  22. If the caller does not want to return host(serv) string, specify hostlen(servlen) of 0 flags getnameinfo Function

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