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Evidence-based Fatigue Risk Management

Evidence-based Fatigue Risk Management. Past – Present – Future. Fatigue Risk Management Symposium May 11 – 13, 2010. National Transportation Safety Board & Fatigue. Wiggins, Colorado (1984) New Castle, Wyoming (1984) 18 rail accidents related to fatigue 1984-2007.

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Evidence-based Fatigue Risk Management

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  1. Evidence-based Fatigue Risk Management Past – Present – Future Fatigue Risk Management Symposium May 11 – 13, 2010

  2. National Transportation Safety Board & Fatigue • Wiggins, Colorado (1984) • New Castle, Wyoming (1984) • 18 rail accidents related to fatigue 1984-2007. • Operator fatigue on NTSB Most Wanted List since (1990).

  3. Train Accident & Medical Issue(S) • Accident on November 15, 2001, between two trains resulted in fatalities of two crewmembers and serious injuries to two others. • NTSB stated that the primarily cause of the accident was the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) of two crewmembers.* • FRA’s Safety Advisory 2004-04, “Effect of Sleep Disorders on Safety of Railroad Operations”, issued on September 21, 2004. • Studies awarded by FRA to address fatigue concerns from the perspective of sleep disorders , depression, stress, etc. • *NTSB/RAR-02/04.

  4. Proceedings of the Fatigue and Performance Modeling Workshop* • Bio -mathematical models of fatigue and performance • CHS Chronic Fatigue Model – Spencer & Belyavin • Circadian Alertness Simulator – Moore-Ede • Fatigue Audit Interdyne – Dawson & Fletcher • Interactive Neurobehavorial Model – Jewett & Kronauer • Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Risk Task Effectiveness - Hursh • Sleep/Wake Predictor – Folkard & Akerstedt * June 13-14, 2002, Seattle, WA. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine. March 2004 Vol. 75 No. 3, Section 111

  5. Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling ToolFAST • On June 28, 2004 a westbound freight train collided with another freight train resulting in a subsequent derailment, etc. • NTSB determined that the probable cause of the collision was crew fatigue (westbound freight train) and the failure to respond to signals. • Initial use of a bio-mathematical model by FRA to determine that fatigue was a contributing factor. • NTSB recommendation – require use of scientifically based principles when assigning work schedules, consider sleep/health issues, etc.

  6. Validation and Calibrate of a Model* • Use of a bio-mathematical model to permit an objective assessment of fatigue, so that employees and employers may schedule work and rest to minimize the degradation of operator performance by fatigue. • Partnership with 5 major carriers. • Study involved 400 human factors and 1,000 nonhuman factors accidents. • Sleep. Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness model using the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST). • Relationship between reduce effectiveness and human factors accidents . • Validation and Calibration of a Fatigue Assessment Tool for Railroad Work Schedules, Final Report. DOT/FRA/ORD-08/04. November 2008. Initial report 2006/2007.

  7. Rail Safety Improvement Act - 2008 • Fatigue Management Plan • Employee education and training - based on current scientific and medical research. • Sleep disorders. • Scheduling practices. • Alertness strategies – napping. • Minimize accidents and incidents – scientificand medical research to indicate increased fatigue.

  8. Rail Safety Improvement Act - 2008 • Hours-Of-Service Reform/Regulatory Authority • - be in any other mandatory service for the carrier in any calendar month where the employee has spent a total of 276 hours. • -- remain or go on duty after that employee has initiated an on-duty period each day for • 6 consecutive days, unless that employee has had at least 48 consecutive hours off duty at the employee’s home terminal. • Any employee who works a seventh consecutive day – shall have at least 72 consecutive hours off duty at the employee’s home terminal. • Waivers & pilot programs.

  9. Regulatory Perspective - Future • Continue usage of bio-mathematical models, along with increase education and training regarding application. What does a model really tell us? • Linkage of models with medicalissues/concerns. • Fatigue mitigation plans. • Development of more refined evaluation methodology. How do we measure improvements? • Continue use of work/rest diaries/studies. • Quality of life concerns, how to address?

  10. Evidence-based Fatigue Risk Management • Scott Kaye • Program Manager, Fatigue Policy & Development • Federal Railroad Administration • 1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E. • Washington, DC 20590 • 202-493-6303 (office) • 202-689-4778 (cell)

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