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"CONPTT"

Six Criteria of Science : C onsistent, O bservable, N atural, P redictable, T estable, T entative. "CONPTT". C onsistency : The results of observations and/or experiments are reasonably the same when performed and repeated. Green plants will grow towards a light source.

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"CONPTT"

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  1. Six Criteria of Science : Consistent, Observable, Natural,Predictable, Testable, Tentative. "CONPTT"

  2. Consistency : The results of observations and/or experiments are reasonably the same when performed and repeated. • Green plants will grow towards a light source. • Walking under a ladder will cause bad luck.

  3. Observability :The event or evidence of the event, can be observed and explained. The observations are limited to the basic human senses or to extensions of the senses. • Some plants can eat meat. • Extraterrestrial beings have visited Earth.

  4. Natural : A natural cause (mechanism) must be used to explain why or how the event happens. 1. Green plants convert sunlight into energy. 2. People can walk through walls.

  5. Predictability : Specific predictions can be used to make foretell an event. Each prediction can be tested to determine if the prediction is true of false. • Students who attend class do better than students who do not attend class • If you are a "Scorpio", your horoscope for today is "You'll be saying 'I feel rich !' Lunar position highlights back pay, refunds, correction of accounting error."

  6. Testability : the event must be testable through the processes of science, and controlled experimentation. • The Bermuda Triangle causes ships and planes to sink and disappear. • Dogs are more social than cats.

  7. Tentativeness : Scientific theories are subject to revision and correction, even to the point of the theory being proven wrong. Scientific theories have been modified and will continue to be modified. • The number of human chromosomes was once "known" to be 48, but is now considered to be 46. • We know that the world began about 6000 years ago, and nothing will change that.

  8. Scientific Method • What is it? • An objective and logical process by which we ask questions and find answers • Why do we need it? • To promote open and honest exchange of data with others; to share what we learn

  9. Steps to the Scientific Method: Step 1: Purpose of experiment First – make an observation - Use your senses to take in new information and ask questions - Draw information from previous experience; consider what you already know!

  10. Next -use what you observe and what you already know to formulate a hypothesis - A hypothesis is an educated guess about a scientific question Format: “If……then…..because…..”

  11. Example: IF we increase the temperature of the water THEN the breathing rate of the fish will increase BECAUSE breathing rate is dependent upon temperature

  12. Steps 2-5: Create experiment to test hypothesis Step 2 - There is a control (what naturally happens, what we observe) - There is a variable (what we change and then measure the effects of)

  13. Step 3 - There are two types of variables: • Independent Variable: variable that is changed during the experiment • Example: water temperature • Dependent Variable: data that is collected through observation and measurement • Example: Breathing rate

  14. Example: Fish need to be in room temperature water (control). How would it affect their breathing rate if we lowered the temperature 10 degrees (variable)? • What is the independent variable? Dependent variable?

  15. Step 4 – list all materials used in experiment (bullet points) Step 5 – step-by-step procedure list of how you set up your experiment (numbered)

  16. Steps 6 & 7: Collect Data and Analyze Results • Collect data using a table then present data using a chart (typically line or bar chart) • Analyze results: • Summarize results (1-2 sentences, use data) • State why you believe you got your results • List any possible sources of error in experiment

  17. Step 8: Conclusions • 1-2 sentences summarizing your experiment • Did your data support your hypothesis? Why or why not? • What would you do differently next time? • Additional questions you may have after experiment is completed

  18. Step 9: Peer Review • As you evaluate the work of others, consider the following questions: • Is the experiment repeatable? • Do you see any possible errors (additional variables) • Ask clarifying questions (things that need to be explained better) • Are results verifiable? Be prepared to answer these questions from your peers

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