Evanescent Wave Coupling for High Power In-Motion Wireless Energy Transfer

1. Evanescent Wave Coupling forHigh Power In-Motion Wireless Energy Transfer • Shift power source of vehicles from oil to grid power to reduce fuel costs as well as dependence on foreign oil. • Reduction of combustion emissions by transferring most of the propulsion of vehicles to electric. • Battery charging in transit will reduce size (and weight) of batteries (or other on-board storage device) on the vehicle and extend the electric range of vehicle from home base. TECHNICAL APPROACH: • Pursue integrating various levels of computer models to optimize power and efficiency via component selection along with matched control algorithms to provide a much larger power transfer than currently obtainable. • Laboratory verification of theoretical development at key phases of project. • Develop power transfer levels exceeding 50 kW for moving vehicles. • Develop tradeoffs for component, construction, and efficiency costs for in-road applications. • Research at various universities began around the year 2000 on this type of power transfer. • Typically low power [<500W]. • 1-10 MHz operating frequency. • Mostly laboratory demonstrations to date, some field tests. • Non-Contact power transfer over short distances [~1ft]. • Mostly stationary charging systems. STATUS QUO QUANTITATIVE IMPACT • Efficient power transfer demonstrated in laboratory at 50-90 kHz operating frequency. These lower frequencies mean cheaper power electronics and simpler implementation as well as being biologically safer. • New SiC devices can provide these switching speeds necessary for high efficiency, high power wireless transfer. • Specialized switching schemes in conjunction with component tuning indicate higher efficiencies and power transfers are obtainable than with linear sin wave supplies currently used. • Program Goals • Phase 1 • Verify feasibility by demonstrating a high power level transfer (10s of kW). • Phase 2 • Demonstrate power transfer for vehicles in transit. NEW INSIGHTS END-OF-PHASE GOAL Efficient robust method for powering and charging electric vehicles while in transit.

2. Automatic Scene Interpretation for Activity Characterization Leading to Intuitive Buildings Monitoring Activities via Multi-modal Scene Interpretation • • Enhanced security and more efficient emergency response • Location of intruders • Monitoring evacuations • Efficient flow of material through facility based on tasks and needs. • Substantial reduction in energy though efficient delivery for: • Directed, efficient lighting • HVAC • MAIN ACHIEVEMENT: • Automated system response based upon human behavior/mission. • HOW IT WORKS: • Multi-modal data-based scene characterization provides: • Determination of presence, position, pose and purpose; • Information on human behavior and intent. • Image data sources include video, IR, LIDAR, etc. • Core algorithms include • Change detection, object identification, object tracking via optical flow, path identification, face detection, pose determination; • ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS: • Allowance of imaging sensor installation. • Task determination will depend in part on a priori knowledge of facility function. STATUS QUO Security, energy and logistical controls are simplistic and not adaptable based on true activity. • No occupancy or task driven delivery of services QUANTITATIVE IMPACT Scene-based scene recognition (presence, position, pose, purpose) enables tailored delivery of services. • Program Goals • Phase – 0 • Verify feasibility by developing methods for presence, position and pose on a small test bed. • Phase – 1 • Deploy prototype to a target facility with 1 or 2 target applications. Collect data and refine methods. NEW INSIGHTS Task Adaptive Energy (TAE) – purpose driven energy delivery. END-OF-PHASE GOAL Task Adaptive Logistics (TAL) – need driven logistical decisions. Task Adaptive Security (TAS) – Secure actions based on intelligent surveillance. Revolutionary capability for intelligently delivering energy, logistics information, and security

3. Field-Deployable JP-8 Production Using Ultra-High Areal & Volumetric Yield Algae Photobioreactors • MAIN ACHIEVEMENT: • HOW IT WORKS: • Sunlight injected into planar waveguides allow for10X improvement sunlight utilization; cell densities increase 10X; water needs decrease 10X; bio-fouling nonissue; downstream energy requirements decrease 5X; better control of light and nutrient triggers result in greater than 20X yield improvement in lab environment • ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS: • Sunlight / Water / Nutrient / CO2 availability • Areal yield primarily limited by sunlight availability • In-theatre energy security and independence • Reduced in-theatre logistics requirements • Co-production of liquid fuels and electricity possible through spectral-splitting STATUS QUO QUANTITATIVE IMPACT open ponds and closed reactors limited to low areal and volumetric yield due to photosynthetic saturation and surface shading • Program Goals • Phase – 1 • Demonstrate order of magnitude improvement in algal growth (grams/liter) in small-scale reactor w/o bio-fouling. • Phase – 2 • Demonstrate 50 m2 scalable integrated bioJP-8 production system. NEW INSIGHTS Integrated sunlight collection and distribution using novel planar waveguides eliminates photosynthetic saturation and surface shading Reduced biofouling via transparent super hydrophobic coatings END-OF-PHASE GOAL Revolutionary capability for rapid production of JP-8 in-theatre using engineered photobioreactor.