Chapter 14 Group Project

1. Chapter 14 Group Project By the class of 2009

2. Jehovah’s Witnesses Group 1

3. Practices, Values, & Beliefs • Place a high value on moral life • Encourage Cleanness (physical, mental, and spiritual) • Non-Celebration of holidays. Including: birthdays, they are considered “Pagan Holiday” • Rejection of the Cross. They regard it as a pre-Christian pagan fertility symbol • Divorce-only in cases of adultery • No gambling or drinking • Against abortion • Worship once per week • Strong focus on evangelism • Jehovah, the Father, is “the only true God”

4. Views on Death & Dying • The body must be buried with all its parts, which prevents donation of tissues • The soul dies; it doesn’t live on after death. Sometimes wicked angels, called demons, pretend to be the spirits of the dead • Any customs that have to do with fear of or worship of the dead is wrong

5. Sensitive Nursing Issues • Blood Transfusion: Witnesses believe that blood removed from the body should be disposed of. • Witness approve of components such as albumin, immune globulins, and hemophiliac preparations; each witness must decide individually if he can accept these

7. Faith • There is one God in one person • Do not believe in the Trinity • The Holy Spirit is a force, not alive • Jesus did not die on a cross but on a stake • They claim to be the only channel of God’s truth • Only their church members will be saved • Blood transfusions are a sin • They refuse to vote, salute the flag, or celebrate Christmas • They are not allowed to serve in the armed forces

8. Family • A husband must have only one wife • A husband must love his wife just as he loves himself • A father should work hard to care for his family • A wife should be a good helper for her husband • She should assist her husband in teaching and training their children • Children should obey their parents • Parents should never discipline their children in a harsh or cruel way

9. Holidays • Memorial of Christ’s death is celebrated annually • All Christian or other religious-based holidays are rejected as unbiblical & pagan: Christmas & Easter • Jesus was not born on December 25. He was born about October 1 • Jesus never commanded Christmas to celebrate his birth • Christmas and customs come from ancient false religions

10. Nutrition / Diet • Avoid food prepared with or containing blood • Only meat that has been drained of blood may be eaten

11. Transcultural Nursing Process • Whether same sex or race is needed for care? • Whether giving or withdrawing blood is • Accepted? • Who makes the medical decisions in the family? • What foods or diet patient is on? • When, where, and by whom touch is acceptable?

12. CHRISTIANITY By: Barbara and BJ Group 2

13. What is Christianity? • Christianity is the largest religion in the world. • Christianity is about personal relationships; with God and with others. It focuses on loving all mankind and seeing all as equal. • The Bible is the sacred text which records the lives of major figures in Christianity

14. Divisions of Christianity • There are three main divisions of Christianity: • Roman Catholic • Eastern orthodox • Protestant faith

15. Christianity Beliefs • There is one God and only one God. He manifests Himself in three persons: the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. • The central figure in Christianity is Jesus Christ who was a man and also the son of God. He paid for the sins of all mankind by dying on the cross. • Christians believe in Eternal life, as promise in the Bible in the New Testament. This is a transition to a life with God.

16. Buddhism Krysta Jones & Felesha Green

18. Communication: • Openness and responsiveness; authentic • Being completely open to all types of communication. • Responding naturally • Being completely authentic and honest in communication

19. Values: • Dana (generosity) • Sila (precept) • Nekkhamma (renunciation) • Panna (wisdom) • Viriya (energy) • Khanti (patience) • Sacca (truthfulness) • Adhitthana (determination) • Metta (loving kindness) • Upekkha (equanimity)

20. Practices: • Meditation • Chanting • Burning incense • Lighting candles

21. Beliefs: • “The For Noble Truths” • Our ordinary existence is unsatisfactory. • This is caused by our ignorance and craving. • We can overcome the suffering we experience. • There is a pathway and means for us to do this and achieve happiness and freedom. • Buddha is our only Master. • The purpose of this life is to develop empathy for all living beings without prejudice and to work for their good, happiness, and peace. • There is nothing such as a soul. • Our lives and all that occurs in our lives is a result of Karma. Every action creates new karma. This karma or action is created with our body, our speech, or our mind, and this action leaves a subtle imprint on our mind. This imprint has the potential to ripen as future happiness or future suffering, depending on whether the action was positive or negative. • One can escape from the vicious cycle of birth and death by following the noble eightfold path: • Right actions • Right concentration • Right effort/exercise • Right livelihood • Right mindfulness/awareness • Right speech • Right thoughts • Right understanding • This world is not created and ruled by a God. • If we bring happiness to people, we will be happy. If we create suffering, we will experience suffering either in this life, or in a future one. • The main aim of life is the extinction of suffering.

22. Sensitive Nursing Issues: • Do not touch the corpse for 3 to 8 hours. • Organs cannot be taken until religious teacher confirms that the spirit has left the corpse. • Abortions can only be done if for the greater good of the mother and unborn child. • Want medication and painkillers lessened or stopped, because the mind should not be clouded by drugs at the time of death. • Visitors limited, so that the spirit of the body will be undisturbed. • Prefer a peaceful birth environment. • May refuse opiates, sedatives, or tranquilizers because of their effect on awareness and consciousness.

23. Views on Death and Dying: • There are three principal causes of death: the ending of the karmically determined life span, exhaustion of merit, and loss of power of the life force. • Death is the cessation of the connection between our mind and our body. • Death is not the end of life, it is merely the end of the body we inhabit in this life, but our spirit will still remain and seek out a new body and a new life. • Where we will be reborn is a result of the past and the accumulation of positive and negative action, and the resultant karma is the result of one’s past actions. • Urges followers to prepare for death, to prepare for that journey by cleansing the mind and not being so attached to things, to be able to let go and release ourselves from needing to be and needing to have. • We see our death coming long before its arrival. • The mind is neither physical, nor a by-product of purely physical processes, but is a formless continuum that is a separate entity from the body. When the body disintegrates at death, the mind does not cease.

24. Nutrition/Dietary Practices: • Buddhism, prohibits any and all animal meat or intoxicants at all times. • Have strictly regulated meal times • Have one main meal per day before midday • Do not eat again until dawn of the next day • Five Contemplations While Eating. • What food is? • Why we eat it? • Where it comes from? • When and how should we eat it?

25. Buddha’s Delight • Vegetarian dish • The dish is traditionally enjoyed Buddhist monks who are vegetarians, but it has also grown in popularity throughout the world as a common dish available as a vegetarian option in Chinese restaurants. • The dish consists of various vegetables and other vegetarian ingredients (as well as sometimes also sea foods and eggs), which are cooked in soy sauce-based liquid with other seasonings until tender. The specific ingredients used vary greatly both inside and outside Asia.

26. Medications: • Buddha is the Great Doctor • The occurrence of a disease is closely related to one’s mental health, physical health, spiritual health, behavior, habits, living environment, and even the society and culture in which one lives. Harmonizing all of these elements and engaging in specific practices can help to bring about optimum health and prevent illness. • Gaining awareness about the cause of illness and conducting our lives in a manner that nourishes and maintains long-term good health can drastically improve our overall well-being. The Buddha offers us several suggestions and practices that can serve as medicine for all aspects of our lives.

27. Tibetan Buddhist Medicine • Oldest surviving medical tradition. • A combination of logical healing, practices, and spiritual methods. • Earliest form of mind-body medicine. • Consist of: • Dharmic medicine • Means that which holds one back from suffering • Mind to body relationship, meditation ad yoga. • Tantric medicine • The blend of medicine with religion • Psychic and spiritual healing • Somatic medicine

28. Medicine Buddha Medicine Buddha "If one meditates on the Medicine Buddha, one will eventually attain enlightenment, but in the meantime one will experience an increase in healing powers both for oneself and others and a decrease in physical and mental illness and suffering." —Lama Tashi Namgyal

30. Rituals • Prayer or Puja • Way of expressing dedication to God and making offering to him. • Meditation • Students surrender themselves to the Buddha of past present, and future and ten directions. • Three prostrations (three gates) • The mind, the body, the speech • During this five body parts touch the ground • Two palms, two knees, the forehead signifying the five elements of earth, water, fire, and space.

31. Buddhist Rituals Associated with Dying • Before and at the moment of death and for a period after death, the monk, nun, or spiritual friends will read prayers and chants from the Buddhist Scriptures. • The death bed chanting is regarded as very important and is ideally the last thing the Buddhist hears. Buddhist believe that we can actively assist and bring relief to the dying members through assisting the dying through the process of dying.

33. Faith: • Faith is summed up as gatha: • Faith is the inner inspirational energy that draws and opens us to confidence in the Buddha’s teachings • Faith denotes the time-honored process of practice, in which one has personally verified the teachings through investigation, experimentation , analysis, and all this is crossed checked with the experiences of other practitioners covering a span of 2,600 years • Faith signifies the spiritual journey or the evolutionary natural path of the Buddha’s teachings that take us into an exciting adventure of inner and outer exploration, in which we will progressively encounter more peace and liberation, and the warm and open heart of boundless life and light. •  Faith does not mean “looking up to” something outside of us in fear or for comfort, but instead means entrusting ourselves to the total dynamic of life and light itself, symbolized as Amida Buddha, which is our true nature.

34. Trans Cultural Nursing Care • Red flowers are considered inauspicious (not favorable) to one’s health during a time of illness. • Chose a consulting physician through divination practices rather than through an analysis of qualifications or professional reputation.

35. Holidays • All holidays are celebrated according to the moon • Buddha Day (known as VisakanPuja) • Held in May the night of the full moon • Celebrates the birth and the death of Buddha • Buddhist New Year • Held in April three days from the first full moon • However it may vary depending on the country or orgin • Loy Krathong • Held in on the full moon night of the twelfth lunar month • To pay homage to the holy footprint of the Buddha • The Ploughing Festival • Held in May on a half moon • Celebrate Buddha’s first moment of enlightenment when he was seven years old

36. Hinduism By Dwanda Woods And Elnora Hicks Group 4

37. Hinduism Hinduism is the world’s oldest extant religion. It’s the world’s third largest religion. Hinduism can’t be neatly slotted into any particular belief system. Hinduism is believed to be around since 10000BC from the North India.

38. Communication Communication is a classical language of India. And the language of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The language Sanskrit is mostly used as a ceremonial language in Hindu religious in the form of hymns and mantras. The language Sanskrit is said to have innate and external meaning.

39. Values They value purity and cleanliness They value no pollution Their purification is with water They value charity and good work toward others

40. Practice and Belief They believe in wearing sacred scarf’s and mask The women wear medallions on their foreheads They believe in non-violence They believe that the truth is said to give one many paths Hinduism worship The Lord of Success (Ganesha) Ganesha is the Lord of success and destroyer of evil and obstacles. Ganesha’s head symbolizes the Atman or the soul, which is the ultimate supreme reality of human existence

41. Sensitive Nursing Issues Hindu’s believes that pain is a curse They believe that the movement of the planets influence human life The elders have a strong influence on health decisions Meditation is used as a intervention The males look after the females The females can only be seen by a female physician

42. Views on Death and Dying Hinduism believe in a on, all pervasive Supreme Being Hindu says that the cycle of death will revolve into rebirth They always cremate the body upon death, this said to spread the spirit over the earth

43. Family Family is the basic building block of Hindu society. They usually have extended family ranging from 2 to 3 generations. The women cook and share domestic responsibilities and the men provide the income. They provide shelter and support for the elderly. This usually how the children repay the debit to their parents. Hindu’s consider the children the heart and soul of th Hinduism culture.

44. Nutrition They do not eat beef ,it’s considered sacred Many are strict vegetarians and connect this dietary choice to spirituality They eat some fish Some may also eat chicken They don’t eat food in a medical facility, says it may come into contact with a forbidden object

45. Medicine Hindu’s are said that their belief in medicine is inappropriate to their healing process They will use medallions for healing They will not accept any medicine with animal portion ,such as insulin They like to use hot and cold therapy in their foods in order to gain homeostasis.

46. Rituals The ritual world of Hinduism, manifest purity and pollution. The home is the place where most rituals Hindus conduct their rituals. This done at dawn and dusk. The woman draws geometric design on the floor or rice flour on the floor or the doorstep. After a bath, there is a personal worship at a shrine for offerings

47. Faith They believe in more than one God Their faith is based on The Four Stages in Life Brahmacharya- During education growing and learning Grhastha- Taking care of marriage, family and career Vanaprastha- starts seeking spiritual thing Sanryasa- abandon world to seek spiritual things

48. Transcultural Nursing Never touch their lips when giving medicines Always get permission before removing any objects from the body Always respect their need for privacy in order to pray and meditate Always try to incorporate their as much as their practice of medicine as possible in order to get an effective nursing process.

49. Holiday • 1. The Festival of Holi • Said to have saved the children from Holika a cannibal who devoured or ate small children • 2.The Spring Festival of Hinduism • Begin between (February-March) of the last three days of the full moon. This the time when they celebrate the blossom of trees and joy of life. This is the time the Hindu’s clean their homes and light bonfires to represent to killing of bacteria.

50. Confucianism By Alyssa and Ainslee Group 5