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Chapter 2 Safety and Wellness

Explore the importance of safety and wellness for EMRs, including health screenings, stress management, pathogen transmission, exposure control plans, and hazardous materials handling.

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Chapter 2 Safety and Wellness

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  1. Chapter 2Safety and Wellness EMR 2-1

  2. Introduction • Safety and wellness are defined as maintaining physical, emotional, and psychological health on the job • EMRs should follow safety and wellness guidelines to protect themselves, their patients, and others involved in the incident • EMRs must take personal responsibility to put into practice the principles of good health and safety EMR 2-2

  3. Learning Objective 1 Name the Three Categories of Health Screenings • PERSONAL HEALTH • State of your well-being • Fitness program • Periodic screenings by health care provider • Yearly health screenings • Subsequent periodic screenings may be needed EMR 2-3

  4. Learning Objective 1 Name the Three Categories of Health Screenings • HEALTH SCREENINGS • Baseline measurement of common health indicators • Three categories • Physical • Medical • Psychological EMR 2-4

  5. Learning Objective 1 Name the Three Categories of Health Screenings • IMMUNIZATIONS • Increase a person’s resistance to certain infectious diseases • Weakened or dead pathogens • Should be current before first patient contact • Screening • Recent tuberculosis screening EMR 2-5

  6. Learning Objective 2 List Methods for Stress Management • STRESS • EMS is a high-stress job • May internalize emotions and pain • STRESS MANAGEMENT • Any method used to control the factors • Proven ways of preparing the body to deal with stress of the job and controlling the effects of stress EMR 2-6

  7. Learning Objective 2 List Methods for Stress Management • WARNING SIGNS OF STRESS • Effects can be felt for weeks after the incident • Common warning signs of stress • CRITICAL INCIDENT STRESS DEBRIEFING (CISD) • Structured conversation • Helps the EMR make sense of his or her reactions EMR 2-7

  8. Learning Objective 3 Explain Routes of Pathogen Transmission • INFECTIOUS DISEASE • Can be transmitted from one person to another or from an animal to a person • Caused by pathogens • Microscopic organisms • Airborne • Blood-borne EMR 2-8

  9. Learning Objective 3 Explain Routes of Pathogen Transmission • PATHOGEN TRANSMISSION • Routes of transmission • Fomites • Vectors • Direct contact • Inhalation • Ingestion • Inoculation EMR 2-9

  10. Learning Objective 4 Define an Exposure Control Plan • EXPOSURE • Patients are not required to disclose if they carry an infectious disease • Responsibilities related to infectious disease exposure • Know the laws and regulations • Follow standard precautions • Document and report any suspected exposure EMR 2-10

  11. Learning Objective 4 Define an Exposure Control Plan • EXPOSURE CONTROL PLAN • Prevent and document on-the-job exposure incidents • Document on a First Report of Exposure Form • Should be completed within 24 to 48 hours after the incident • Report may be scrutinized by your company for workers’ compensation purposes EMR 2-11

  12. Learning Objective 5 Types and Uses of Standard Precautions • SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT • Habits, equipment, and techniques • STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • Reduces the risk of transmission of microorganisms • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) • Prevention practices EMR 2-12

  13. Learning Objective 6 Safety Recommendations for Biohazards • BIOHAZARDS • Biological substances that • may be infectious • Contamination issues • DISPOSAL OF BIOHAZARDS • Disposed of or cleaned as soon as is safe and practical • Cannot be discarded with everyday items EMR 2-13

  14. Learning Objective 7 Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization • CLEANING, DISINFECTION, AND STERILIZATION • Cleaning • Remove particulate matter • Disinfection • Kill common pathogens with cleaner • Sterilization • Chemically or physically eradicate pathogens • Sharps • Items with corners, edges, or projections EMR 2-14

  15. Learning Objective 8 Define Hazardous Materials • HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (HAZMAT) • Biological, chemical, or physical agents • Cause sickness or death, to animals • May affect the environment, or humans • Special training • Decontamination equipment • Handling of hazardous materials EMR 2-15

  16. Learning Objective 8 Define Hazardous Materials • EMR’S RESPONSIBILITIES • Recognition • Notification • Assistance • Cold zone • Other responders • Patient care EMR 2-16

  17. Learning Objective 9 Safely Lifting and Carrying Patients • LIFTING AND MOVING PATIENTS • Reasons to move patients • Main priorities during a lift or carry • PERSONAL PREPARATIONS • Plan the move • Prepare your body • Warming up and stretching EMR 2-17

  18. Learning Objective 9 Safely Lifting and Carrying Patients • BODY MECHANICS • Essential to keeping safe • Transfers load to large muscles • GUIDELINES FOR SAFE LIFTING • Position yourself closely • Feet comfortable distance apart • Lift evenly and slowly EMR 2-18

  19. Learning Objective 9 Safely Lifting and Carrying Patients • PUSHING AND PULLING • Strains specific muscle groups • If possible, push heavy objects • PERSONAL AND EQUIPMENT LIMITS • Heed load limits • Is there enough help? • Is the right equipment available? EMR 2-19

  20. Learning Objective 10 Emergency and Non-Emergency Patient Moves • EMERGENCY MOVES • Rapid extrication • Risk of harm outweighs the risk of injury • Executed quickly by one or two people • Cervical spine immobilization if possible EMR 2-20

  21. Examples of Emergency Moves: • Clothing drag • Arm drag • Blanket drag • Rescuer assist • Pack strap carry • Firefighter’s carry

  22. Learning Objective 10 Emergency and Non-Emergency Patient Moves • NON-EMERGENCY MOVES • Time to plan and execute a patient transfer • Typically require two or more people • Spinal alignment is better than emergency moves EMR 2-22

  23. Examples of non-emergency moves • Chair carry, • Extremity lift, • Carry transfer, • Draw sheet transfer, • Firefighter’s drag, • Seat carry, • Use of the scoop stretcher, • Use of a stair chair,

  24. Summary • EMRs must be knowledgeable of personal health practices • EMRs must be aware of how diseases are transmitted and know the elements of a safe work environment • EMRs must be well versed in agency protocols and state and federal laws • EMRs must use the proper PPE, use proper hand washing techniques, and use correct body mechanics to lift and move patients EMR 2-24

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