V : Leading the Project Coalition

1. V : Leading the Project Coalition • designing effective project organisations • infusing the project mission Leading the Project Coalition

2. Complex Organisations • a purpose • a division of labour • a hierarchy • a set of transformation processes • a set of co-ordination processes • two types of organisation structure process Leading the Project Coalition

3. Two Types of Organisation Leading the Project Coalition

4. 15: Designing Effective Project Organisations [Co-ordination] expresses the principles of organization in toto; nothing less. This does not mean that there are no subordinate principles : it simply means that all the others are contained in this one of co-ordination. The others are simply the principles through which co-ordination operates and thus becomes effective James D. Mooney Leading the Project Coalition

5. Designing Effective Project Organisations • the rise of the project management concept • the responsibilities of the client • who is the project manager? • organising the project through the life-cycle • project organisation in construction • the organisation breakdown structure • project teamworking Leading the Project Coalition

6. The Rise of the PM Concept • an organisational innovation • a specialist co-ordinator of the process • constructing large, complex systems • railways • aerospace • the cold war programmes • Polaris/ Atlas • resource bases and project coordinators Leading the Project Coalition

7. project co-ordinator control resource base control heavy - weight light - weight cell functional Resource Bases and Project Coordinators

8. Resource Bases and Project Coordinators Leading the Project Coalition

9. A Hierarchy of Project Managers • project manager • programme manager • but note alternative definition • project division Leading the Project Coalition

10. The Responsibilities of the Client • promoter • defining need • financier • obtaining capital • decision-maker • appropriately timed decisions • recruiter • mobilising appropriate resource bases • the problem of managerial capabilities • in-house capability • executive project management Leading the Project Coalition

11. Client Project Management Options client client PM dept executive project manager project coalition project coalition

12. Who is the Project Manager? • project management as a diffused responsibility • Tate Modern Project Directors • Tate • Stanhope • Schal • Boston Central/Artery • client side/supply side • external relations/internal effectiveness Leading the Project Coalition

13. Boston C/AT Project Organisation internal effectiveness external relations Deputy Project Director Project Director client side supply side Program Manager Project Manager

14. Organisation Through the Life-cycle • organisation design a function of the level of uncertainty and size • as uncertainty reduces organisation changes • as size increases, organisation changes • matrix swing • centralised to decentralised • around 15% complete bureaucracy bureaucracy Leading the Project Coalition

15. Project Organisation in Construction • little coordination at the level of the project as a whole • mixing project and resource base management responsibilities • poor training • resource bases in the project coalition Leading the Project Coalition

16. Resource-bases and the Project Coalition the project coalition team B team C team A team E team D team F

17. The OBS • responsibility analysis • X axis - resource bases • Y axis - WBS • level of responsibility • DECA • Decide • Execute • Consult • Advise Leading the Project Coalition

18. resource base dimension task dimension E Decide Execute Consult Advise Basic Module of a Responsibility Chart Leading the Project Coalition

19. Project Teamworking • most appropriate size: 5- 7 • complementary skills • leader; generator; evaluator; finisher • clear goals • appropriate incentives • the manageable zone • the team development cycle Leading the Project Coalition

20. The Manageable Zone in Teamworking groupthink unmanageable conflict low team diversity high team diversity manageable zone Leading the Project Coalition

21. real team performing working group potential team performance impact norming forming pseudo team storming team effectiveness The Team Development Cycle