Re-engineering SDI Design to Support Spatially Enabled Society

1. Re-engineering SDI Design to Support Spatially Enabled Society Abbas Rajabifard Centre for SDIs and Land Administration Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne INSPIRE Conference Maribor, Slovenija 23 June 2008

2. OBJECTIVE OF PRESENTATION Introduce a new Vision “Spatially Enabled Society”-A Scenario for the Future (explain SDI design, issues and trends to support this vision).

3. GSDI 11 Conference 2009, NL GSDI Association SEG Working Group Asia-Pacific PCGIAP Convergence theme Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010 Victorian State UN Resolution 2006 Centre for SDIs and LA Victorian Spatial Council Spatial Enablement –Experiences & Activities

4. Spatial information is an enabling technology/infrastructure for modern society.SI describes the location of objects in the real world and the relationships between objects.

5. Spatial Information can be a unifying medium – linkingsolutions to location. User demand has shift ed to seeking improvedservices and delivery tools. This will be achieved by creating an environment so that we can: Connect Deliver systems, services, businesses, partnerships and link with other industries Locate quality services, standards, frameworks and what users want. people, places, services, businesses and points of interest Services and Delivery Tools

6. Ready and timely access to spatial information – knowing where people and assets are – is essential for the creation of wealth in any jurisdiction. It is a critical tool for makinginformed decisionson key economic, environmental and social issues.

7. Management / Administration underpinned by access to spatial information. The Significance of Data? Spatial Data is further shaped by the decision-making process to which it is subject Decision Making Process Access Policy Standards Spatial Data Information People (Adopted from Feeney 2003)

8. So Why the Problem? • Immature institutional arrangements • Immature user/provider relationships • Poor knowledge of data availability • Difficulties in assessing data quality • Inconsistent policies on data access and use • Lack of best practice in the use of technologies

9. Less than 1% of people are specialists Less than 5% understand the technology Who understands place? The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care! 95% do not understand the technology Society DSE-SII 2006

10. Spatial Data Infrastructure • SDI is all about facilitation and coordination of the exchange and sharingof spatial data, services and related resources; • SDIs constitute a set of relationships and partnerships that enable data sharing, update and integration (start where you are ready to start). • Components-collection of people, policies, networked datasets and enabling technologies and services.

11. Spatial Data Infrastructures Strategic Planning & Decision Making Less detailed data Global SDI Global Decisions Regional SDI Regional Decisions National SDI National Decisions State Decisions State SDI Local Decisions Local SDI Organisational Decisions Organisational SDI More detailed Data • Many groups working on same problem at different levels on the hierarchy. • Success depends on intra- and inter- jurisdictionalcooperation between individuals and agencies.

12. …… GSDI, Digital Earth, Global Map, UNSD Silo problem SDI & LA Spatially enabling society SDI Governance Benchmarking Financing SDI development strategies and models SDI Road map SDI concept and principles Spatial data management Development of appropriate policy Web delivery services Managing RRRs Visualization SDI assessment models Custodianship, collaboration and institutional arrangements Spatial data: importance and challenges Capacity building Interoperability Related initiatives & issues Concepts & Principals Open Systems and Network Data catalogue Policy and privacy issues Metadata Partnerships Institutional & Access and security Clearinghouse Legislation or collaboration Policy Technical Spatial computing Data, Platforms, Applications Data integration Sensor network Data integration models Web Mapping Services (WMS, WFS WCS) Standards Tools Data integration web service Metadata Entry Tools Standards SDI and Google SDI and Virtual Earth UML Modeling XML, XML Schema, GML and SVG SDI related Tools Data models within SDI framework Seamless SDI Marine SDI Web services ASSETTA Ubiquitous Spatially Enabled Property data SDI and emergency management Data Standards ICA, ISO, OGC Visualization Tools and Models SDI and UML modelling Metadata standards Data Integration Tool Content and Elements SDI Platform

13. 1st Generation 2nd Generation Towards the Next Generation Developed Countries Emerging Economies Developing Countries Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries Delivery of a Virtual Environment in support of spatial enablement of society as part of an e-government strategy 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2005 2008 Future Process Based SDI development model Product-Based SDI development model National/Federal Government Influence – Data Focus National, Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Process Focus Sub-national Govt. and Private Sector Influence – Strategic National focus Continuum of SDI Development

14. Increase effectiveness Better access (reduce barriers) New services Exploit data better Get data on time Avoid duplication of data Increase efficiency Avoid duplication of effort Avoid duplication of infrastructure Commodity access arrangements Implementation – Drivers

15. Connecting Drivers with Enablers Business Drivers Enabling Mechanism SDI Framework Projects SDI Distribution Network Data, Information & Technologies (Busby 2003)

16. policies What does the Enabling Mechanism Do? programs data access metadata custodianship standards ‘fundamental’datasets distributed datasets information & communication technologies

17. Less than 1% of people are specialists Less than 5% understand the technology Who understands place? The vast majority of users do not know they are “spatially enabled” – and don’t care! 95% do not understand the technology 95% do not understand the technology Society DSE-SII 2006

18. Location or place is used initially to organise government information, then to re-engineer government processes to deliver better policy outcomes, Spatially enabled will ensure better productivity and efficiency, Place is used in a transparent manner. SEG means far better delivery of government services and sustainability better decisions by government. What isSpatially Enabled Government-SEG?

19. Spatial enablement of society and government Spatial information policy SDI Spatial Data layers Objects Spatial Information in Society

20. Spatially Enabled Society – A Scenario for the Future The ‘spatial enablement’ can reshape our lives.

21. Spatial enablement can contribute to dealing with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges. Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’ Policy & Administration Public Safety Utilities Health Sustainability and our environmental footprint Land Administration The economics of production Consumption and choice Possibilities provided by Spatial Enablement

22. DB DB Governance and Partnership Building

23. Spatial enablement can contribute to dealing with the challenges we face as a society. At the same time, however, it brings its own challenges. Expanding government services — ‘consultation & participation’ Policy & Administration Public Safety Utilities Health Sustainability and our environmental footprint Land Administration The economics of production Consumption and choice Possibilities provided by Spatial Enablement

24. Geocoded property addresses Owners’ contact address Drainage Supported Functions for Key Government and Business Activities Mortgages Utilities Hydrology Heritage Water license Business licenses Soil Transport Parcel Owners’ addresses Use, condition and zoning Spatial & Non-Spatial Data Restricted sites Policy making Land development & planning Transactions management Activity management Emergency management Land valuation & taxation Provision of utilities & services Transport and access Farming & resource management Disclosure of restrictions Enabling Technology Geology Property Burglary risks Topographic reference data sets Landform (DTM) DCDB Rates Geographic names register Administrative boundaries Web Enabled Access Resources Business entities Climate Body corporate rules and responsibilities Location Based Platforms Habitat Boundaries Satellite images Photogrammetric control archive Spatial Data Infrastructures SDIs Estates and interests Owners’ names Topographic map archive Aerial photos Access Residents and or occupiers Image data Geographic Names

25. Significance of the cadastre 1. Multipurpose Cadastre (German style) 2. Title or deeds tenure style cadastres Better decision making 3. Taxation driven cadastre (Latin /Spanish / French) SDI Mapping agencies and other data providers Land management paradigm Spatially enabled government Cadastral engines… Tenure Value Use Development Incorporating: Land policy Spatially enabled LAS Services to business and public Country context Sustainable development - Economic - Environmental - Social - Governance Parcels Properties Buildings Roads Integrated functions

26. Vision Achievement ? Future Effective databases Multi-disciplinary applications Integrated data management Web-based applications Evolving Internet Remotely-sensed data Digital data Present Distributed services GIS Computer networks ICT advancements others No standardization Lack of Collaboration Paper Maps Past Isolated Computing stations Centralized archives Time

27. Spatially-enablement stages Achievement Vision Spatially-enabled Society Every country has its own journey Spectrum Current situation Past Time

28. Other External Pressures Achievement Vision Spatially-enabled Society Governance and leadership Web-services Raising awareness SDI Governance Spectrum Current situation Policies Standards Simple user interfaces Standardized services Collaboration Capacity building Governors and citizens engagement Past Time

29. Technology Governance ( Information ) People resources Governance The setting, application and enforcement of rules that determine how a group works together to achieve common goals. The role is to glue together the technology, organizations and information that comprise an SDI Processes and institutions to define and manage agreed policies, technologies, standards, practices, protocols & specifications and to monitor the SDI.

30. IT governance SOA governance Governance contexts • purpose - to ensure improved outcomes in public goods and service delivery • scope – society • exercised by – state, increasing inclusive of on behalf of - society Societal governance • purpose - to direct, supervise, monitor operational management of corporation • scope – organisation • exercised by - board • on behalf of - organization owners/stakeholders Corporate governance • purpose - to enable inclusive effective decision-making about an organization’s IT resources • scope – organisation • exercised by - designated IT stakeholders • on behalf of - organizations managers and shareholders • purpose - to support decision-making about design and operation of shared infrastructure • exercised by - designated stakeholders of an infrastructure • scope - within an organization • scope - increasingly across organizational and jurisdictional boundaries • on behalf of - stakeholders (operators, users) SDI governance (Box 2008)

31. Spatial Enablement –Experiences & Activities Victorian State Australia Victorian Spatial Council Victorian Spatial Strategy 2008-2010 Asia-Pacific PCGIAP SEG Working Group UN Resolution, 2006 for SEG and VSDI SEG International Workshop, Korea 2007 (jointly with GSDI) GSDI Association GSDI 11 Conference, 2009, NL Convergence theme

32. Victorian Spatial Information Strategy 2008-2010Spatially Enabled Victoria 4 scenarios of the effects of different levels of private and public sector engagement: Elements: • governance • custodianship • framework information • business information • data quality • metadata • awareness • access • pricing and licensing • privacy • strategic development of technology and applications

33. Asia and the Pacific 17th United Nations RCC-AP, Bangkok, 18-22 September 2006Resolution: SDI to support spatially enabled governmentRecommendation: Member Nations develop a better understanding and pursue the principles of designing SDIs to support spatially enabled government.

34. GSDI PerspectiveGI Society: A Partner in Setting the Global Agenda Global society SDI regions World Bank UN Canada SDI Convergence Habitat Americas UNISEF Africa Water Forum Europe WHO Asia / Pacific FAO

35. GSDI 11 Conference The Netherlands June 15 – 19 2009 GSDI 11 World Conference Spatial Data Infrastructure Convergence: Building SDI Bridges to Address Global Challenges

36. GSDI 11 Conference The Netherlands June 15 – 19 2009

37. Mapping Common Paths to achieve theVision Vision To assist in collaborative mapping of possible re-usable common paths to a shared vision: • Requires collective action • Different groups working on different parts of the problem • Together pieces provide potential paths to realising vision • Knowledge managements is required • Treated as integral part of SDI To get from where we are now to where we want to be Current position Enables the pastto be leveraged to achieve a futurevision.

38. Thank you