Download
1 / 23
230 likes | 581 Views
Duryodhana disgraced. Chapter 9 9 th Grade, English. Background information.
E N D
Duryodhana disgraced Chapter 9 9th Grade, English
Background information • The story happens in the kingdom of Hastinapura. The eldest son of the late king, Dhritarashtra, is born blind, so his younger brother, Paandu, takes up the throne. But due to a curse by a Rishi, he dies in a forest along with his second wife, Maadri. Paandu’s sons are called Pandavas and Dhritarashtra’s sons are called Kauravas. • Paandu'sfirst wife, Kunti, brings thePandavasback to the city where they are taken care of by their great grandfatherBhishmawhile the throne is held by Dhritarashtra. • The Pandavabrothers were Yudhishtira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva. . • Dhritarashtra has one hundred sons, eldest of whom isDuryodhana. Dushasanais his second son. Duryodhana, is ambitious of becoming king himself. But he learns that as long as the Pandava brothers survive, he can not be made a king according to the laws. He and the strongest of the Pandavabrothers, Bhima, become mortal enemies.
Background information…continued • Duryodhana forms a close friendship with a great archer, Karna. Karna is the equal of Arjuna, the younger brother of Bhima, in archery. Together with Karna, Duryodhana plans to win Pandavas in war. • Duryodhana's maternal uncle, Shakuni, poisons his mind and encourages him to employ devious tactics. As a result of these teachings, Duryodhana tries to kill the Pandavas and Kunti by setting fire to a wax house he had made for the Pandavas. • But the Pandavas escape and live in exile for an year. At the end of the year, they come back, now having married Draupadi. All five brothers are married to the same woman. • Shakuni continues to poison Duryodhana's mind, and this culminates in a cheating game of dice where Yudhishtira loses everything he owns, including his kingdom, to Duryodhana. • Yudhishtira plays his own brothers, himself, and his wife in the hope of winning everything back, but loses. Draupadi is humiliated and Dushasana tries to disrobe her in public, but lord Krishna intervenes and saves Draupadi. • Bhima vows to kill both Duryodhana and Dushasana, while Arjuna vows to kill Karna, who had humiliated Draupadi during the dice game. As a result of their loss in the dice game, the pandavas are exiled from their kingdom for a total 13 years: 12 years of forest living and 1 year of hidden living.
The Story • Duryodhana wishes to visit Dwaitavana to see the plight & suffering of Pandavas. • The Kauravas reached the place with a great army and camped four miles near Pandavas abode. • While hunting, they saw an attractive pond and ordered to put a camp near the bank. • But King of Gandharvas, Chitrasena had already camped at that place and prevented Duryodhana’s men from camping. • Angered by this, Duryodhana orders his army to clear Gandharvas from the place. But they fail. • When Duryodhana came to know of this, he took a bigger army and marched to fight with them.
The Story…continued • A big fight was fought and at last Karna and Kauravas lost their chariot and had to retreat in haste & shame. • Duryodhana was seized and was bound in chariot by Chitrasena. The Gandharvas took many of the Kauravas captive. • Bhima heard of the news and rejoiced. But Yudhisthira reproved him and told him to go and fight for Duryodhana as he is their brother. Bhima thought it as unreasonable due to Duryodhana’s old actions to him. • Yudhistra heard the faint agony cry of Duryodhana from distance. He felt bad and overruled Bhima’s objections and asked him to go and help. • Bhima and Arjuna rallied Kaurava forces and offered to fight with Gandharvas. But Chitrasena was not ready to fight with Pandavas and freed Duryodhana and said that he just wanted to teach a lesson to arrogant Kauravas.
The Story…continued • The disgraced Duryodhana felt humiliated and announced his wish to fast until his death. He also asked Dushasana to rule the kingdom henceforth. • Karna consoled him by saying that this is not the way the heroes should think. Shakuni cleverly interposed and asked Duryodhana to return the kingdom to Pandavas and befriend them instead of fasting to death. • Duryodhana was not able to accept this and vowed to conquer Pandavas. Karna also encouraged him and swore to kill Arjuna in battle after thirteen years.
Activities..Comprehension • Whywere Duryodhana and Karunaveryeager to go to Dwaitavana? Duryodhana and Karnawereeager to go to Dwaitavana to see the suffering of Pandavas and display hishappiness. • Wheredidtheystay in Dwaitavana? Theystayed in luxuriousresthouses in a place four miles from the abode of Pandavas. • How didtheyspendtheir time for the first few days? Theytook stock of cows and bulls in the herd,theyenjoyed the dance, the hunt, the sylvan sports and otherentertainment s arranged for them. • WhowasChitrasena? Wherewashestaying in Dwaitavana? Chitrasenawasking of the Gandharvas. He wasstaying in the neighbourhood of the pool in Dwaitavana. • Whydid Duryodhana marchwith a large armyagainstChitrasena? Duryodhanawanted to setup camp in the same place as Chitrasenanear the lake. SinceChitrasenarefused to vacate for the Kauravas, Duryodhanagrewangry and marchedwith an army to drive Chitrasena out. Whycouldn’t Duryodhana capture Chitrasena? Chitrasenaalsohad a large army and usedmagicalweapons. Hence Duryodhana was not able to capture Chitrasena.
Activities..Comprehension • How didKaurava princes and Karnafare in the battle? Kaurava princes and Karnalosttheir chariots and weapons and had to retreat in haste and shame. • How didPandava princes came to know about the plight of Duryodhana? The Pandavasheard the faintcry of Duryodhana and understoodthatDuryodhanahad been captured. • WhydidArjuna and Bhimaofferbattle to the gandharvas? Yudhishthirawasmoved by the agonizedcry of Duryodhana and orderedArjuna and Bhima to rescuehim. Hence, the obedientbrotherswent to battlewith the Gandharvas. • DidChitrasenafightwithPandavas? GiveReason Chitrasenadid not fightwith the Pandavas. He justwanted to teach a lesson to the arrogant Kauravas. He had no wish to fightwith the Pandavas.
Activities..continued • Bhimais the speaker. • Bhimawants to thank the Gandharvas as they have rightlyfoughtwith the Kauravaswhohad come to mock the Pandavas. • Chitrasenais the Gandharva friendmentionedhere.
Activities..continued • ‘our’ refers to Pandavas. • Gandharvas humiliatedthem. • Theylost the battlewith the Gandharvas and Duryodhanawascaptured in the battle. Hencetheywerehumiliated.
Activities..continued • The speaker wantshisbrother to rule the kingdomhenceforth. • The speaker feltdisgraced as the Pandavashadfreedhimfrom the Gandharvas. • The enemiesrefer to Pandavas.
Activities..continued • Karnasaidthesewords to Duryodhana. • The disgraced Duryodhana felthurt and wanted to fastuntildeath. So, Karnasaidthesewords. • Theyrefers to the Pandavas. Theylosttheirkingdom and themselves in a game of dice and had to live in exile for thirteenyears.
Activities..continued • Duryodhanais the ‘king’ referredhere. • Duryodhanavowed to conquer the Pandavas. Hence the speaker saidthesewords. • Karna and Shakunihelped to regain his confidence.
Activities..continued • Duryodhana ordered a camp to be put up near the Pandavas to seetheirsuffering and display hishappiness. So hereachedDwaitavanawith a greatarmy and a large set of followers. • Initially the Kauravaswerewinning. Later, Chitrasenaralliedhistroops and usedhismagicalweapons to defeat the Kauravas.
Activities..continued • YudhistrareprovedBhimathatDuryodhanawas a part of theirfamily and itwas not the time to rejoicewhen Duryodhana was suffering. • Bhimathoughtthathisrequestwas not reasonable as Duryodhanahadtried to burnthem alive in a wax house. He alsofeltthattheyshould not feelsorry for Duryodhanawhohadpoisonedhisfood and tried to drownhim. Further, hehadhauledDraupati in court and disgracedher. • Duryodhana feltashamed and dejected. He evenfeltthatitwould have been better if hehad been killed by Chitrasena. • Karnaconsoled Duryodhana by sayingthatheroes of the Kuru race should not commit suicide. Shakunialsosaidthatinstead of fasting to death, heshouldbeenjoying the kingdom.
Make sentences • A flock of birdsflew in the sky. • Sam took care of a herd of sheep. • A shoal of fishwereswimmingtogether. • The swarm of beeschased the young girl. • Usually poker isplayedwith a pack of cards. • A group of friendsstarted a business together. • The crowdclappedwhen the prizewasannounced. • A gang of robbersrobbed the bank. • The Indian cricket team won the world cup. • The crew of the shipwerelost in a storm. • The cast of the film Titanic werekilled in a plane crash. • The staff in the hotelwerecourteous to the customers. • He arranged a pile of books in the shelf. • The clothes were piled in a heap on the floor. • The carpenter arranged a stack of boxes in garage. • The girl bought a set of clips for hair.
Phrases Meaning Feel happy Setting up a place Send him away Went in the opposite direction
Phrases Meaning Protection or shelter Capture and forcefully hold Without a fight
LanguageActivityDirect and Indirect Speech Bhima told Yudhishtira that Duryodhana had got what he deserved and felt that he needed to thank their Gandharva friend. Yudhistira reproved Bhima that it was not the time to rejoice and that the Kauravas were their kith and kin and their humiliation at the hands of strangers was theirs as well. He also told that they could not hold back and take it lying down. He said that they must rescue them.
LanguageActivityDirect and Indirect Speech Duryodhana asked Dushasana to be crowned and rule the kingdom. He said that he could no longer continue to live after he had become a laughing stock of his enemies. Karna said to Duryodhana that collapsing under sorrow did not befit heroes of the Kuru race and that would only make his enemies happy.
