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Genetics!

Genetics!. Concept Map!. Unit Name: Genetics. Unit EQ: Why is the study and advancement of genetics important to the area of animal science?. Eqs: 1. Who was Gregor Mendel and what did he study? 2. What does the Punnett Square represent/ Calculate?

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Genetics!

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  1. Genetics!

  2. Concept Map! Unit Name: Genetics Unit EQ: Why is the study and advancement of genetics important to the area of animal science? Eqs: 1. Who was Gregor Mendel and what did he study? 2. What does the Punnett Square represent/ Calculate? 3. Where do you find information on heritable breed traits? 4. Why is using proper terminology important in Veternary Science? 5. What types of gene behavior might appear as a phenotypic result?

  3. Objectives • Analyze Meiosis and Mitosis • Discuss Gregor Mendel and his contributions to genetics

  4. Essential Question • Who was Gregor Mendel and what did he study?

  5. Back in the Day • Gregor Mendel THE FATHER OF GENETICS • 1822-1884 • Priest • Study the inheritance traits in pea plants • Not recognized until the 20th century

  6. What did Mendel Study?

  7. What did this mean? • Selective Breeding • Crossbreeding • Heritability • What traits get passed on?

  8. What about today? • Crossbreeding breeds registered • Cross bred crops • Aprium , Pluot, Grapple • Cross Bred Animals • Black Baldie, Labordoodle • Biotechnology • Fish in Strawberries to prevent freezer burn • Sub- arctic fish genes pumped into strawberries

  9. Let’s Break it Down • Where is the information coming from? • Where is it stored? • What does it look like? • What information is carried?

  10. Where is the info coming from? • Parents

  11. Where is it stored? • Cells

  12. MitosisActivity:Please draw on a separate sheet of paper Mitosis. On the back we will draw Meiosis

  13. Meiosis

  14. What does it look like? • Genotype • Phenotype

  15. What information is carried? • Chromosomes

  16. Why follow genetics? • Pedigree

  17. Activities • Video; Intro to Genetics united Streaming

  18. Vocabulary Cross Breeding Selective Breeding Mitosis Meiosis • Heritability • Gregor Mendel • Gene • Chromosome • Genotype • Phenotype • Pedigree • Gamete

  19. Genetics!The Punnett Square

  20. Objectives • Analyze heritable traits • Calculate heritability using Punnett Square Method

  21. Essential Question • What does the Punnett Square represent/ Calculate?

  22. It started with a Pea [plant]

  23. What is a Punnett Square? • an n × n square used in genetics to calculate the frequencies of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross

  24. More than 1 trait

  25. Monohybrid vs. Dihybrid

  26. What does it mean? • We can follow traits

  27. How to Punnett Square [Dance]

  28. Reading the Results RATIOS 1:2:1 AA:Aa:aa PERCENTAGES

  29. Let’s Practice • Worksheet- Due at the end of class for credit

  30. F2 Generations: Of worksheet 2 problems • 1. Heterozygous brown mouse offspring crossed with a tan mouse • 2. Heterozygous rabbit offspring crossed with a brown rabbit • 3. Red offspring flower crossed with a white flower • 4. Heterozygous offspring crossed with short plant • 5. Homozygous white rabbit crossed offspring crossed with black rabbit.

  31. Vocabulary • Punnett Square • Heritability • Monohybrid • Dihybrid

  32. What do we look for?

  33. Objectives • Identify traits in animal breeding that are desirable based on breed and that are heritable

  34. Essential Question • Where do you find information on heritable breed traits?

  35. General Concepts • Certain traits are heritable • Hybrid vigor • Purebred

  36. Dogs • What kind of traits would you want in YOUR dog? If you had: • Children • Small apartment • Sheep herd • Loved running ?

  37. Dogs • Temperament can be bred for! • Especially aggression • Watch for heritable health risks • Eye Problems • Irish Setters and Progressive Retinal Atrophy • Collie Eye Anomaly • Cataracts • Entropion (eyelids turn in or out)

  38. Dogs- Heritable Health Contin • Hips and Joints • Hip dysplasia • Malformation/degeneration of the hip joint. • Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels, Shetland Sheepdog • Osteochondrosis Dessicans (OCD) • Bone spur or flake wears away at joint. • Present in dogs with OCD • Pateller Luxation • Elbow/kneecap slides out of place locking leg • Occurs more in smaller dogs

  39. Cats- Heritable Health • Polydactyly • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • Heart muscle thickens • Main Coon Cats • Progressive Retinal Atrophy • Diabetes • Burmese • Feline Infectious Peritonitis • Some cats have a predisposition to the development of FIA

  40. Cattle – Dairy Cattle • Milk production • Milk Fat Content • Efficiency • Feed intake to Milk Output • Calving ability

  41. Sire Summary in Cow/Calf Op.s Table 1Example of sire summary data from the 1984 Angus sire summary University of Missouri: Extension

  42. EPD • EPD: Expected Progeny Difference: express the genetic transmitting ability of a sire. The EPD is reported as a plus or minus value in the unit in which the trait is measured. • EPDs are calculated from a sire's progeny data. All bulls listed in the sire summary can be directly compared using EPD values. EPDs are an estimate of how a bull's progeny would be expected to perform compared to any other bull listed in the same summary.

  43. ACC • ACC: Accuracy is a measure of how much the EPD value might change as additional progeny data become available. Sires with more calves in several different herds will have higher accuracy figures • Select bulls to use based upon their EPD values and use the accuracy figure to determine how much to use a bull.

  44. MBV • Maternal Breeding Value (MBV) describes how daughters of a bull are expected to produce compared to other cows in a herd. Once a bull's own daughters come into production, the MBV is calculated using the records of his own daughters in addition to those of his sire and paternal and maternal grandsires. • Estimates of MBVs come from pedigree analysis, not sire evaluation

  45. DTS • Number of Daughters. • Why would this information be needed or relevant?

  46. Why perform strict analysis? • Both commercial and seedstock producers should find sire summaries useful. A producer using AI can obtain semen from bulls that are superior in the traits of interest. • Summaries also can be used to identify herds that excel in genetic merit and vice versa. A breeder who has several superior bulls listed in the report is a more reliable source of bulls than either the breeder who has no bulls listed or the breeder who has poorer than average bulls listed in the summary.

  47. Evaluating EPD’s Exercise Worth 50 points • Using the booklet provided at your TABLE please: • 1. Read the Packet! • 2. Formulate a Vocabulary sheet for ALL vocab words defined (all the abbreviations) • 3. Answer the worksheet questions in groups. • 4. Write down any questions you have. • Due Thursday!!!!!!

  48. Once Finished EPD worksheet • Summary Paper • 1 paragraph double spaced • Define the purpose of a Sire Summary. Who benefits from the sire summaries? What do sire summaries mean for producers? What information is provided on a sire summary?

  49. Genetic Terms to know

  50. Objectives • Define terms normally used when explaining and discussing genetics

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