The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution In this lesson, students will be able to define or explain the following terms: Reasons for the Industrial Revolution The Domestic System Urbanization Laissez-faire Capitalism

2. Industrial revolution • The industrial revolution was a movement toward more mechanized means of production between 1750 and 1820 • Led to urbanization and revolutionized the way people worked and farmed, transportation

3. Life before industry • Life of the average person prior to the industrial revolution was very difficult • Lived on small farms • Wages were low • Life revolved around farmer their own food, maintaining a household, making clothing

4. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1750s. It quickly spread to Europe and the United States.

5. Why Britain? • Number of factors led to industry in Great Britain • Large deposits of coal and iron • Stable political society • Large number of ports used for importing and exporting • World leading colonial power

6. Great Britain had many harbors and rivers, as well as coal. It had a good location for trade.

7. Great Britain had a vast colonial empire. This empire brought raw materials to her ports. Cheap raw materials fueled industrialization.

8. Cottage industry • Textiles were originally produced by villagers • People would pick up raw materials from vendors or merchants • Make the textile (cotton, clothing, etc.) • Give back to the merchant who would sell the final product for a profit

9. New inventions • In 1764 and English inventor named James Hargreaves created the “Spinning Jenny” • Allowed one person to operated multiple spools of thread • Samuel Compton’s spinning mule • Edmund Cartwright's power loom

10. Before the Industrial Revolution, weavers and craftsmen worked at home. This was known as the domestic system.

11. Inventions also helped industrialization. The spinning jenny allowed one person to spin six or seven threads at once.

14. Iron industry • Advancements with iron also played a central role in the industrial revolution • Abraham Darby used charcoal to make cast iron • Henry Bessemer created the first inexpensive way to make steel out of iron • Called the Bessemer process • Iron and steel became essential in for transportation, factories, buildings, and other infrastructure

16. Transportation • In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented a reliable steam engine • Using coal to produce steam and power an engine • In 1770 James Watt improved the steam engine • Watt’s steam engine went on ships, locomotives, and power machinery

18. James Watt’s improved steam engine made steam power available for mechanical purposes. Steam power could drive many machines.

19. Transportation • Prior to industrial revolution, goods were transported via horse, or ships using sails • In the early 1800’s American Robert Fulton built the first commercially successful steamboat • British engineer Richard Trevithick constructed the first railway steam locomotive

22. urbanization • Large numbers of people moved from rural areas to cities • This process is called urbanization • Growth of city population boomed as a result of industrialization • Populations today mostly center around large urban areas and their suburbs • Later transportation inventions will lead to the rise of suburbs and people living just outside the cities

23. Urbanization occurred. Large numbers of workers moved from the countryside to cities.

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26. Industrial life • Industry brought wider variety of goods to the people • Improved the quality of life for many people • However, workers were subjected to long work hours, poor conditions • Many children were used in the workforce • Poor labor conditions in all industries; mechanical, clothing, food processing

27. Workers were placed together in factories. Early factories were often unsafe places to work. Workers worked long hours and received low wages.

28. The first railroads were created in the early 1830s. Railroads linked cities, factories, towns, and rural areas.

29. A new middle class of capitalists emerged. They developed laissez-faire capitalism or a free market where the government does not intervene in the market.

30. Assembly line • Industrial revolution led to other major advancements in industry • In 1913, American Henry Ford introduced the first concept of the assembly line to his Ford Motor Company • Workers perform the exact same job and construct a product progressively as it moves down the line