Population

1. Population Implication of population changes “implications of population change including problems caused by high birth rates in ELDCs, and problems caused by ageing population and long life-expectancy in EMDCs ” SQA

2. Population Implication of population change As the demographic transition model shows us, the population of a country is not static. It changes through time, sometimes very quickly. These changes can have a great effect on the people and their quality of life. They also force governments to deal with the issues that arise as a result of these changes.

3. Population Implication of population change ELDC Look at how the population pyramid projections for a developing country change over time.

4. Population Implication of population change ELDC Look at how the population pyramid projections for a developing country change over time.

5. Population Implication of population change ELDC Look at how the population pyramid projections for a developing country change over time.

6. Population Implication of population change ELDC Huge increase in the numbers of young people staying alive due to better healthcare, diets and water supply, where previously many would have died. This leads to large numbers of “future parents” which will exacerbate the problem even further. The result is a population explosion in these countries.

7. Population Implication of population change ELDC The problems this can lead to are: • Rapidly increasing populations increase problems for already strained local and national governments (not enough jobs,houses,water supply, healthcare) for the people who live there at present. Extra revenue and spending needed to ensure all of these are provided, but this will hinder the country’s development ie it can’t spend money improving standards of living if it has use all its resources providing the basics.

8. Population Implication of population change ELDC The problems this can lead to are: • Rapidly increasing populations increase problems for already strained local and national governments (not enough jobs,houses,water supply, healthcare) fro the people who live there at present. Extra revenue and spending needed to ensure all of these are provided, but this will hinder the country’s development ie it can’t spend money improving standards of living if it has use all its resources providing the basics. • High young dependent population means ELDCs must find more funds for ante & post natal health care and education.

9. Population Implication of population change ELDC The problems this can lead to are: • Rapidly increasing populations increase problems for already strained local and national governments (not enough jobs,houses,water supply, healthcare) fro the people who live there at present. Extra revenue and spending needed to ensure all of these are provided, but this will hinder the country’s development ie it can’t spend money improving standards of living if it has use all its resources providing the basics. • High young dependent population means ELDCs must find more funds for ante & post natal health care and education. • Population momentum creates high numbers of potential parents in the future, which may continue the problem of high Birth Rates.

10. Population Implication of population change ELDC The problems this can lead to are: • Rapidly increasing populations increase problems for already strained local and national governments (not enough jobs,houses,water supply, healthcare) fro the people who live there at present. Extra revenue and spending needed to ensure all of these are provided, but this will hinder the country’s development ie it can’t spend money improving standards of living if it has use all its resources providing the basics. • High young dependent population means ELDCs must find more funds for ante & post natal health care and education. • Population momentum creates high numbers of potential parents in the future, which may continue the problem of high Birth Rates. • Population momentum also creates a large potential workforce, which increases the demand for services, housing, employment. This will lead to unemployment as too many people chase too few jobs – which is itself a problem for the government.

11. Population Implication of population change ELDC The problems this can lead to are: • Rapidly increasing populations increase problems for already strained local and national governments (not enough jobs,houses,water supply, healthcare) fro the people who live there at present. Extra revenue and spending needed to ensure all of these are provided, but this will hinder the country’s development ie it can’t spend money improving standards of living if it has use all its resources providing the basics. • High young dependent population means ELDCs must find more funds for ante & post natal health care and education. • Population momentum creates high numbers of potential parents in the future, which may continue the problem of high Birth Rates. • Population momentum also creates a large potential workforce, which increases the demand for services, housing, employment. This will lead to unemployment as too many people chase too few jobs – which is itself a problem for the government. • Population momentum, through time, increases the number of elderly dependents, again straining resources and public services.

12. Population Implication of population change EMDC Now look at how the population pyramid projections for a developed country change over time.

13. Population Implication of population change EMDC Now look at how the population pyramid projections for a developed country change over time.

14. Population Implication of population change EMDC Now look at how the population pyramid projections for a developed country change over time.

15. Population Implication of population change EMDC At the same time there is a contraction in the number of young people, as the birth rate falls, sometimes below that needed to keep the status quo. Huge increase in the numbers of old people staying alive due to better healthcare, diets and water supply, where previously many would have died. The result is a populationin these countries grows very slowly or may even fall, but it gets progressively older.

16. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment.

17. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers.

18. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services.

19. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services. • Future shortage in economically active age groups - reduces income tax revenue so public services suffer.

20. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services. • Future shortage in economically active age groups - reduces income tax revenue so public services suffer. • Smaller economically active population must therefore support increasing elderly dependent population which would mean higher taxes – usually unpopular among voters.

21. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services. • Future shortage in economically active age groups - reduces income tax revenue so public services suffer. • Smaller economically active population must therefore support increasing elderly dependent population which would mean higher taxes – usually unpopular among voters. • To increase economically active population, governments must consider:

22. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services. • Future shortage in economically active age groups - reduces income tax revenue so public services suffer. • Smaller economically active population must therefore support increasing elderly dependent population which would mean higher taxes – usually unpopular among voters. • To increase economically active population, governments must consider: • Raising retirement age to increase tax revenues and reduce pension payments.

23. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services. • Future shortage in economically active age groups - reduces income tax revenue so public services suffer. • Smaller economically active population must therefore support increasing elderly dependent population which would mean higher taxes – usually unpopular among voters. • To increase economically active population, governments must consider: • Raising retirement age to increase tax revenues and reduce pension payments. • Encouraging immigration to increase economically active population and trying to attract ex-pats back to live in Scotland.

24. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services. • Future shortage in economically active age groups - reduces income tax revenue so public services suffer. • Smaller economically active population must therefore support increasing elderly dependent population which would mean higher taxes – usually unpopular among voters. • To increase economically active population, governments must consider: • Raising retirement age to increase tax revenues and reduce pension payments. • Encouraging immigration to increase economically active population and trying to attract ex-pats back to live in Scotland. • Raising income tax to support elderly dependents.

25. Population Implication of population change EMDC The problems this can lead to are: • Declining Birth Rate reduces demand for child-centred services - schools, nurseries, maternity wards etc. may close causing unemployment. • Possible redundancies in industries which focussed exclusively on younger age groups as product demand declines e.g. toymakers. • Increased geriatric care provision required for ageing population. This increases strain/costs on health services. • Future shortage in economically active age groups - reduces income tax revenue so public services suffer. • Smaller economically active population must therefore support increasing elderly dependent population which would mean higher taxes – usually unpopular among voters. • To increase economically active population, governments must consider: • Raising retirement age to increase tax revenues and reduce pension payments. • Encouraging immigration to increase economically active population and trying to attract ex-pats back to live in Scotland. • Raising income tax to support elderly dependents. • Government try to encourage people to have more children – pro natalist policies eg UK Government pays Maternity and Paternity Leave etc

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