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Contributions and Successes of Stephen F. Austin and Other Empresarios in Texas

This chapter explores the impact of Stephen F. Austin and other empresarios in Texas, their role in settlement and land distribution, their successful colonization efforts, and the changes in policies towards slavery, women's roles, and education during the Mexican National Era.

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Contributions and Successes of Stephen F. Austin and Other Empresarios in Texas

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  1. The Colonies GrowChapter 7, Section 2 Main Idea: As Stephen F. Austin and other empresarios encouraged settlement in Texas, many groups made important contributions. 3-2, Part 2

  2. Essential Vocab • Empresario-Land agent whose job it was to bring new to settlers into an area. • Centralist-Supported a strong Central/National Govt. • Federalist-Believed state govt. and national govt. shared powers.

  3. How did the Constitution of 1824affect Texas? • In 1823 the Federalists overthrew the Centralist govt, and Mexico became a republic, giving the states a voice in the govt. • The Federalists wrote a Constitution in 1824 which combined Texas with Coahuila into one Mexican state – Coahuila y Tejas. Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas

  4. How did the Mexican Colonization Laws of 1824 regulate land settlements? • Limited the amount of land anyone could receive • Permitted only permanent residents to acquire land • States now granted Empresario land contracts. • People began leaving for Saltillo, capital of Coahuila y Tejas. Flag of Saltillo in Mexican State of Coahuila y Tejas

  5. How did the State Colonization Law of 1825 work? • Coahuila y Tejas passed a State Colonization Law in 1825. This law: • Encouraged foreigners to immigrate to TX. • A family received up to 4,428 acres (one league) for $30. • For every 100 colonists brought to TX, an empresario received about 23,000 acres. • The empresario had 6 years to bring in 100 families before a colonization contract was cancelled.

  6. Why was SFA so successful as a colonizer? • Cause: • He was a skillful businessman, worked hard, had personal integrity & had knowledge of Spanish language & customs.

  7. Why was SFA so successful as a colonizer? • Effect: • Had 5 total contracts, brought hundreds of families to TX & he received substantial amounts of land.

  8. Why did SFA’s Colonies Succeed? • SFA’s business skills with Mexican authorities, • His colonists easily received their titles, • Native Americans became less of a threat, • His grants contained some of the most fertile and best-watered land.

  9. Other Empresarios Green Dewitt: Secondmost successful empresario • Authorized to bring in 400 families. • Settled west of SFA’s first colony with Gonzales as their headquarters. • By 1831, he had issued 166 land titles.

  10. Other Empresarios Martin de Leon • Mexican-born empresario • Settled 200 Mexican families along the Guadalupe River • His wife Patricia de la Garza de León helped founded Victoria in 1824. She used her own wealth (dowry) to establish the first church in town.

  11. How did slavery change in Texas during the Mexican National Era? • In 1821-22: • TX colonists could bring slaves depending on number brought • Mexico offered full citizenship to free blacks, including land ownership and other privileges Above: Hendrick Arnold, free black Texan; revolution scout

  12. How did slavery change in Texas during the Mexican National Era? • In 1823: • the Imperial Colonization Law recognized slavery but outlawed slave trading. • Required children of slaves to be freed at age 14. • In 1827: • Coahuila y Tejas outlawed additional slaves and granted freedom to all children born to slaves Above: Greenbury Logan, free black Texan, revolution soldier

  13. What roles did women and education play in Texas? • Women helped build houses, tend livestock, and defend land • Women could not vote, hold public office, or serve on a jury; but could engage in land sales and sue for survivor benefits • Education was provided by private tutors, U.S. schools, or private schools. Above: Mary Austin Holley, cousin of SFA, see p. 178

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