Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

1. Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Body Fluids Electrolytes Acid-Base Clinical Focus Grab Bag $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 FINAL ROUND

2. Body Fluids: $100 Question • This mechanism is the main regulator of water intake: • a. amount of saliva being produced • b. thirst • c. small changes in ECF volume • d. changes in ECF • e. pH ANSWER BACK TO GAME

3. Body Fluids: $100 Answer • This mechanism is the main regulator of water intake: • a. amount of saliva being produced • b. thirst • c. small changes in ECF volume • d. changes in ECF • e. pH BACK TO GAME

4. Body Fluids: $200 Question • The capillary endothelium separates these two body fluid compartments: • a. ICF and ECF • b. ICF and interstitial fluid • c. cerebrospinal and brain tissue fluid • d. plasma and interstitial fluid ANSWER BACK TO GAME

5. Body Fluids: $200 Answer • The capillary endothelium separates these two body fluid compartments: • a. ICF and ECF • b. ICF and interstitial fluid • c. cerebrospinal and brain tissue fluid • d. plasma and interstitial fluid BACK TO GAME

6. Body Fluids: $300 Question • Intracellular fluid: • a. comprises a smaller percentage of body weight than extracellular fluid • b. has a lower concentration of sodium ions than extracellular fluid • c. has a lower concentration of potassium ions than extracellular fluid • d. has a higher concentration of calcium ions than extracellular fluid ANSWER BACK TO GAME

7. Body Fluids: $300 Answer • Intracellular fluid: • a. comprises a smaller percentage of body weight than extracellular fluid • b. has a lower concentration of sodium ions than extracellular fluid • c. has a lower concentration of potassium ions than extracellular fluid • d. has a higher concentration of calcium ions than extracellular fluid BACK TO GAME

8. Body Fluids: $400 Question • A decrease in blood pressure has this effect: • a. results in increased aldosterone secretion • b. causes decreased ADH secretion • c. inhibits sympathetic stimulation • d. results in • e. all of the above ANSWER BACK TO GAME

9. Body Fluids: $400 Answer • A decrease in blood pressure has this effect: • a. results in increased aldosterone secretion • b. causes decreased ADH secretion • c. inhibits sympathetic stimulation • d. results in vasodilation • e. all of the above BACK TO GAME

10. Body Fluids: $500 Question • These statements about the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) are true except: • a. it is stimulated by an increase in blood volume • b. it decreases Na+ reabsorption • c. decreases water loss • d. decreases extracellular fluid volume ANSWER BACK TO GAME

11. Body Fluids: $500 Answer • These statements about the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) are true except: • a. it is stimulated by an increase in blood volume • b. it decreases Na+ reabsorption • c. decreases water loss • d. decreases extracellular fluid volume BACK TO GAME

12. Electrolytes: $100 Question • The following are electrolytes except: • a. Na+ • b. Cl- • c. H2O • d. K+ • e. Ca2+ ANSWER BACK TO GAME

13. Electrolytes: $100 Answer • The following are electrolytes except: • a. Na+ • b. Cl- • c. H2O • d. K+ • e. Ca2+ BACK TO GAME

14. Electrolytes: $200 Question • An increase in the ECF Na+ levels would cause this: • a. red blood cells to swell • b. Na+ to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF • c. water to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF • d. water to shift out of the ECF and into the ICF ANSWER BACK TO GAME

15. Electrolytes: $200 Answer • An increase in the ECF Na+ levels would cause this: • a. red blood cells to swell • b. Na+ to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF • c. water to shift out of the ICF and into the ECF • d. water to shift out of the ECF and into the ICF BACK TO GAME

16. Electrolytes: $300 Question • ECF calcium levels are mainly regulated by this hormone: • a. aldosterone • b. antidiuretic hormone • c. parathyroid hormone • d. atrial natriuretic hormone ANSWER BACK TO GAME

17. Electrolytes: $300 Answer • ECF calcium levels are mainly regulated by this hormone: • a. aldosterone • b. antidiuretic hormone • c. parathyroid hormone • d. atrial natriuretic hormone BACK TO GAME

18. Electrolytes: $400 Question • 85% of phosphate in the body is found in the form of calcium phosphate salts in the bones and teeth. • True/False ANSWER BACK TO GAME

19. Electrolytes: $400 Answer • 85% of phosphate in the body is found in the form of calcium phosphate salts in the bones and teeth. • True/False BACK TO GAME

20. Electrolytes: $500 Question • Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by angiotensin II and this: • a. elevated blood Na+ ion levels • b. decreased blood Cl- ion levels • c. elevated blood K+ ion levels • d. decreased blood Ca2+ ion levels • e. elevated blood pressure ANSWER BACK TO GAME

21. Electrolytes: $500 Answer • Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by angiotensin II and this: • a. elevated blood Na+ ion levels • b. decreased blood Cl- ion levels • c. elevated blood K+ ion levels • d. decreased blood Ca2+ ion levels • e. elevated blood pressure BACK TO GAME

22. Acid-Base: $100 Question • This statement best describes an acid: • a. releases H+ when it dissociates • b. combines with H+ when added to a solution • c. increases the pH of the solution • d. releases OH- when it dissociates ANSWER BACK TO GAME

23. Acid-Base: $100 Answer • This statement best describes an acid: • a. releases H+ when it dissociates • b. combines with H+ when added to a solution • c. increases the pH of the solution • d. releases OH- when it dissociates BACK TO GAME

24. Acid-Base: $200 Question • Respiratory regulation of pH depends upon this mechanism: • a. carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system • b. phosphate buffer system • c. protein buffer system ANSWER BACK TO GAME

25. Acid-Base: $200 Answer • Respiratory regulation of pH depends upon this mechanism: • a. carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system • b. phosphate buffer system • c. protein buffer system BACK TO GAME

26. Acid-Base: $300 Question • An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels is followed by a(n) ____________ in H+ and a(n) ____________ in blood pH. • a. increase, increase • b. increase, decrease • c. decrease, increase • d. decrease, decrease ANSWER BACK TO GAME

27. Acid-Base: $300 Answer • An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels is followed by a(n) ____________ in H+ and a(n) ____________ in blood pH. • a. increase, increase • b. increase, decrease • c. decrease, increase • d. decrease, decrease BACK TO GAME

28. Acid-Base: $400 Question • If the pH of the blood decreases, the pH of the urine will: • a. decrease • b. increase • c. be unaffected ANSWER BACK TO GAME

29. Acid-Base: $400 Answer • If the pH of the blood decreases, the pH of the urine will: • a. decrease • b. increase • c. be unaffected BACK TO GAME

30. Acid-Base: $500 Question • Hyperventilation due to emotions causes: • a. metabolic acidosis • b. metabolic alkalosis • c. respiratory acidosis • d. respiratory alkalosis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

31. Acid-Base: $500 Answer • Hyperventilation due to emotions causes: • a. metabolic acidosis • b. metabolic alkalosis • c. respiratory acidosis • d. respiratory alkalosis BACK TO GAME

32. Clinical Focus:$100 Question • Hypocalcemia has this symptom: • a. anorexia • b. constipation • c. fatigue • d. muscle spasms • e. kidney stones ANSWER BACK TO GAME

33. Clinical Focus:$100 Answer • Hypocalcemia has this symptom: • a. anorexia • b. constipation • c. fatigue • d. muscle spasms • e. kidney stones BACK TO GAME

34. Clinical Focus: $200 Question • This best describes a diuretic: • a. substance that causes water retention • b. a substance that causes increased urine production • c. a drug that may be administered in order to prevent water excretion in the urine • d. a drug that may be administered in order to reduce water loss through sweating ANSWER BACK TO GAME

35. Clinical Focus: $200 Answer • This best describes a diuretic: • a. substance that causes water retention • b. a substance that causes increased urine production • c. a drug that may be administered in order to prevent water excretion in the urine • d. a drug that may be administered in order to reduce water loss through sweating BACK TO GAME

36. Clinical Focus: $300 Question • Hyposecretion of ADH causes this: • a. hypercalcemia • b. hyponatremia • c. diabetes mellitus • d. diabetes insipidus ANSWER BACK TO GAME

37. Clinical Focus: $300 Answer • Hyposecretion of ADH causes this: • a. hypercalcemia • b. hyponatremia • c. diabetes mellitus • d. diabetes insipidus BACK TO GAME

38. Clinical Focus: $400 Question • Reduced elimination of CO2 from the body results in this: • a. metabolic acidosis • b. metabolic alkalosis • c. respiratory acidosis • d. respiratory alkalosis ANSWER BACK TO GAME

39. Clinical Focus: $400 Answer • Reduced elimination of CO2 from the body results in this: • a. metabolic acidosis • b. metabolic alkalosis • c. respiratory acidosis • d. respiratory alkalosis BACK TO GAME

40. Clinical Focus:$500 Question • These are all causes of metabolic acidosis except: • a. vomiting of intestinal contents • b. untreated diabetes mellitus • c. heart failure • d. ingestion of sodium bicarbonate • e. ingestion of aspirin ANSWER BACK TO GAME

41. Clinical Focus:$500 Answer • These are all causes of metabolic acidosis except: • a. vomiting of intestinal contents • b. untreated diabetes mellitus • c. heart failure • d. ingestion of sodium bicarbonate • e. ingestion of aspirin BACK TO GAME

42. Grab Bag:$100 Question • Loss of a large volume of sweat results in the body fluids becoming __________ which causes __________ in plasma volume. • a. hypertonic, a decrease • b. hypertonic, an increase • c. isotonic, no change • d. hypotonic, a decrease • e. hypotonic, an increase ANSWER BACK TO GAME

43. Grab Bag: $100 Answer • Loss of a large volume of sweat results in the body fluids becoming __________ which causes __________ in plasma volume. • a. hypertonic, a decrease • b. hypertonic, an increase • c. isotonic, no change • d. hypotonic, a decrease • e. hypotonic, an increase BACK TO GAME

44. Grab Bag: $200 Question • This normally represents the SMALLEST source of water loss from the body: • a. evaporation • b. feces • c. sensible and insensible perspiration • d. urine ANSWER BACK TO GAME

45. Grab Bag: $200 Answer • This normally represents the SMALLEST source of water loss from the body: • a. evaporation • b. feces • c. sensible and insensible perspiration • d. urine BACK TO GAME

46. Grab Bag: $300 Question • The reaction between CO2 and H2O is catalyzed by this: • a. angiotensin-converting enzyme • b. carbonic anhydrase • c. sodium bicarbonate • d. phosphate • e. carbonic acid ANSWER BACK TO GAME

47. Grab Bag: $300 Answer • The reaction between CO2 and H2O is catalyzed by this: • a. angiotensin-converting enzyme • b. carbonic anhydrase • c. sodium bicarbonate • d. phosphate • e. carbonic acid BACK TO GAME

48. Grab Bag: $400 Question • This substance is necessary for the transport of Ca2+ ions across the wall of the intestinal tract: • a. Calcitonin • b. PTH • c. Aldosterone • d. Angiotensin II • e. Vitamin D ANSWER BACK TO GAME

49. Grab Bag: $400 Answer • This substance is necessary for the transport of Ca2+ ions across the wall of the intestinal tract: • a. Calcitonin • b. PTH • c. Aldosterone • d. Angiotensin II • e. Vitamin D BACK TO GAME

50. Grab Bag: $500 Question • The major effect of acidosis is the __________ of the nervous system, whereas a major effect of alkalosis is __________ of the nervous system. • a. depression, hyperexcitability • b. hyperexcitability, depression ANSWER BACK TO GAME