FACILITIES PLANNING

1. FACILITIES PLANNING INTRODUCTION Form Follows Function Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union

2. FACILITY • Building • people • material • machines • Stated purpose • objectives

3. Civil Electrical Mechanical Industrial Engineers Architects Consultants General contractors Managers Real estate brokers Urban planners Participants in a facility planning project

5. Towards a definition • Facilities planning determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets best support achieving the activity's objective. • For a manufacturing firm, facilities planninginvolves the determination of how the manufacturing facility best supports production. • For an airport, facilities planning involves determining how the airport facility is to support the passenger-airplane interface. • For a hospital:How the hospital facility supports providing medical care to patients.

6. FP involves: • i.e., Hospital, Office, Manufacturing FPs

7. Facilities Location • Determining how the location of a facility supports meeting the facility's objective • Its placement with respect to customer, suppliers, and other facilities with which it interfaces. • Its orientation on a specific plot of land.

8. Facilities Design The determination of how the designcomponents of a facility support achievingthe facility's objectives

9. Facility Systems • Structural and enclosure systems • Lighting, electrical, communication systems • Life safety systems • Sanitation systems • For a plant: • Power, light, gas, heat, ventilation, air conditioning, water, sewage needs.

10. Facilities Layout • Equipment • Machinery • Furnishings • For a manufacturing facility: • Production areas • Support areas • Personnel areas within the building

11. Handling System Mechanisms needed to satisfy the required facility interactions. For a Manufacturing Facility Materials, personnel, information, and equipment-handling systems required to support production.

12. Motivations • Reindustrialization • Employee health and safety • Energy conservation • Community rules and regulations • Noise, air pollution, waste disposal • Pilferage

13. Objectives-I- • Customer satisfaction • Return on assets (ROA) • Maximize inventory turns • Minimize obsolete inventory • Maximize employee participation • Maximize continuous improvement • Speed for quick customer response • Costs and supply chain profitability

14. Objectives-II- • Supply chain through partnerships and communication • Organization’s vision • Utilizations of people, equipment, space, energy. • Return on investment (ROI) on all capital expenditures • Adaptability and ease of maintenance • Employee safety and job satisfaction

15. Facilities Planning Process • DEFINE THE PROBLEM • The objective of the facility • Products/Volumes/Role in the SC • The primary and support activities • Operations, equipment, personnel, material flows • Maintenance

16. Facilities Planning Process • ANALYZE THE PROBLEM • The interrelationships among all activities (Qualitative and quantitative)

17. Facilities Planning Process • DETERMINE THE SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL ACTIVITIES • For all equipment, material, and personnel • Alternative designs • Alternative facilities plans

18. Facilities Planning Process • EVALUATE THE ALTERNATIVES • SELECT THE PREFERRED DESIGN • IMPLEMENT THE DESIGN • Implement the plan • Maintain and adapt the plan • Redefine the objective of the facility

19. Model of Success • VISION • MISSION • REQUIREMENT OF SUCCESS • GUIDING PRINCIPLES • EVIDENCE OF SUCCESS (Tompkins 1989)

20. Cost of making design changes • Planning • Designing • Building • Installing • Commissioning

21. Synergistic benefit of integrated manufacturing-marketing team • No.of units sold • Improved flexible manufacturing • Product variety • Lot sizes • Quality • Inventory • Manufacturing unit costs • Customer service

22. Facilities planning • Determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets should contribute to meetingthe activity's objectives. • Consists of facilities location and facilities design, • Is part art and part science. • Can be approached using the engineering design process, • Is a continuous process and should be viewed from a life cycle perspective. • Represents one of the most significant opportunities for cost reduction andproductivity improvement.

23. Facility Location Type and Quantity of Material Handling Devices Determining Flow of Products and People Type & Volume of Products (services) Determine Material Handling Methods Scheduling and Planning Jobs Manufacturing (services) Processes Required Layout of Equipment within Each Cell Overall System Design Design of Components (services) Layout of machine cells Inventory Control Type and Quantity of Equipment Required Determination of Machine (service) Cells Distribution of Goods Process Planning Tooling and Fixture Determination Quality Control and Customer Service

24. “The involvement of Industrial Engineers in the design process enhances and optimizes all aspects of architectural professional practice in commercial, healthcare, or industrial projects. Traditionally. IEs possess skills and analytical tools for determining site selection, space requirements, flow/activity analysis, and space/function relationship programming. Using these skills, the engineer brings value to the overall design by assisting in operations planning, concept design, and layout evaluation and therefore yielding a more cost-effective and functional design.”

28. Problems • Peruse the problems at the end of the first chapter (Lab activity).