Environmental Science

Environmental Science Chapter 2

The Central Case • Read the CENTRAL CASE for Chapter 2. • How can we best balance our own interests and needs with the health of the environment?

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • How is sustainabillty affected by economics? • Sustainability –

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • Economics – • Goods - • Services -

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • 3 types of economies • Centrally planned economy – example: • Free market economy – • Example:

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • Mixed economy • Example:

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • Supply and Demand • Supply and demand – • Cost-benefit analysis

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • All economies depend on the environment for resources and for management of wastes, but these connections are often overlooked. • Quick Lab

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • Natural resources are the “goods” produced by nature. • With no resources there would be no economics. • The ecological systems provide “ecosystem services” to the environment.

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • But, what is the impact on the environment???

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • Wal-Mart's green revolution • Economics and Sustainability • Ecological economics – • Environmental economics -

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • Non-market values • examples: figure 4 • Market failure -

Section 1 – How is sustainability affected by economics? • Ecolabeling -

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • How do environmental policies protect the environment

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • Policy – • Environmental policy -

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • The U.S. government has 3 branches: • Legislative • Executive • Judicial • State and Local policy -

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • U.S. environmental policy – 3 periods • The First Period (1780-late-1800’s) • The Second Period (late-1800’s – mid-1900’s)

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • The Third Period (mid to late 1900’s) -

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • Modern US Environmental Policy • Reveals lessons learned from past misuses of resources and strives for a sustainable future. • National Environmental Policy Act – • Environmental Impact Statement(EIS)

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Clean Water Act of 1977 • Federal Water Pollution Control Acts of 1948 and 1972

Section 2 – How do environmental policies protect the environment? • Post 1980 Acts

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • The United Nations (UN) • Founded in _________ • Purpose: • Now more than _____ nations are members • The European Union (EU) • Purpose:

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • The World Trade Organization (WTO) • Purpose: • Established in ___________ • World Bank • Purpose: • Established in:

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • Non-governmental Organizations

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • Approaches to Environmental Policies • Command and Control Approach- • Successes: • Failures:

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • Approaches to Environmental Policies • Tax Breaks and Subsidies • Green Taxes -

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • Approaches to Environmental Policies • Cap-and-Trade • Local Incentives

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • The Environmental Policy Process • 1. • 2. • 3.

Section 3 – How do we form sound environmental policies? • 4. • 5. • 6.

Environmental Science