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MILK ENERGETICS

MILK ENERGETICS. Leo Timms Iowa State University. ENERGY REACTION VALUES. Reaction type energy value kcal/mole 1. ATP--- ADP + P 7 UTP--- UDP + P 7 GTP--- GDP + P 7 2. ATP --- AMP + P + P 14

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MILK ENERGETICS

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  1. MILK ENERGETICS Leo Timms Iowa State University

  2. ENERGY REACTION VALUES Reaction typeenergy value kcal/mole 1. ATP--- ADP + P 7 UTP--- UDP + P 7 GTP--- GDP + P 7 2. ATP --- AMP + P + P 14 3. NADPH ---- NADP + ~ 3 ATP 21

  3. MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l) • Protein: 4% or 40 g / liter • 50 liter X 40 g/ l = 2000g synthesized protein • 2000 g /(100 g/ mole) = 20 moles AA in protein • ENERGY NEEDED: 1. Formation of AA - tRNA: 14kcal / mole ATP ------ AMP + P + P 2. 2 GTP / AA at ribosome 14 kcal / mole TOTAL 28 kcal / mole

  4. MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l) • Fat: 4% or 40 g / liter • 50 liter X 40 g/ l = 2000g fat ( 50% made: 1000) • 1000 g /(256 g/ mole) ~ 4 moles palmitate (C16) • ENERGY NEEDED: 1. 8 Acetate --- Acetyl CoA: 112 kcal / mole ATP ------ AMP + P + P 2. 7 Acetyl CoA -- malonyl CoA 49 kcal / mole 3. NADPH ( 21kcal X 7 X 2) 294 kcal / mole TOTAL 455 kcal / mole

  5. MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l) • Lactose: 5% or 50 g / liter • 50 liter X 50 g/ l = 2500g lactose • 2500 g /(360 g/ mole) = 7 moles lactose • ENERGY NEEDED: 1. UTP ----- UDP- Galactose: 7 kcal / mole UTP ------ UDP + P 2. UDP- galactose ----lactose + UMP 7 kcal / mole TOTAL 14 kcal / mole

  6. MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l) Total energy expended for 50 kg milk Component % moles kcal/m Total kcal % Protein 4 20 28 560 23 Fat 2 (.5 X 4) 4 455 1820 73 Lactose 5 7 14 100 4 TOTAL 2480

  7. MILK ENERGETICS 110 LBS. (50 l) • Caloric value of 50 kg milk • Caloric value Nutritional • Component gramsper gram (kcal)value (kcal) • Protein2000 4 8000 • Fat1000 ( 2000*) 9 9000 (18,000) • Lactose2500 4 10,000 • * total fat TOTAL 27,000 (36,000) • ~ 2480 kcal invested to produce 36,000 kcal product!

  8. MATERNAL SUPPORT OF LACTATION Leo Timms Iowa State University

  9. MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT

  10. MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT • INCREASED DIETARY NUTRIENTS • - increased feed intake • - increased GIT size • - increased GIT absorptive capacity • USE OF BODY RESERVES • COMBINATION

  11. MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT • INCREASED DIETARY NUTRIENTS • rodents • - increased feed intake 300 - 400% • - limited capacity to use body reserves • COMBINATION • cows, goats, pig - extensive • humans, guinea pigs - minimal/modest • mostly adipose/ some protein + glycogen

  12. MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT • USE OF BODY RESERVES • Elephant seals • * single pup * 28 day lactation • * Pup averages 10%/ day BW gain! • * mother doesn’t eat / drink for 28 days • 42% loss in maternal BW • 58% reduction in body fat content • 14 % reduction in body lean weight

  13. Milk Production • A peak daily milk yield of 15 pounds (about 2 to 2.5 gallons) is not unusual. • Pigs can easily convert milk • 4.5 lbs of milk= 1 pound of pig • Example: Litter of 10 pigs • Avg. birth weight (3 pounds) • Avg. wean weight (25 pounds) • @ 6 weeks of age • 10 pigs gain 22 pounds each (220 pounds of total gain) • Require 990 pounds of milk!

  14. MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT • USE OF BODY RESERVES • Blue whales • * Mother weighs 80,000 kg initially • * mother gains 40-55,000 kg (pregnancy) • * single calf * 2500 kg at birth • * 7 month lactation • calf gains 80 - 100 kg / day • mother produces 90 kg milk / day • * mother eats very little for 7 months

  15. MATERNAL LACTATION SUPPORT • USE OF BODY RESERVES • Blue whales 25 points • EXTRA CREDIT #4 • email answers to me • ltimms@iastate.edu DUE AFTER SPRING BREAK • How much energy goes into 90 kg whale milk? • Where do nutrients come from if it doesn’t eat? • What is the nutritional value of that 90 kg milk?

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