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This study examines the relationship between energy expenditure through activities like running or walking and cardiovascular-related mortality in individuals with underlying conditions like stroke, heart failure, or dysrhythmia. The hazard ratios reveal significant risk variations based on the amount of physical activity.
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2.0 2. • All other CVD mortality • Stroke, heartfailureordysrhythmia as underlyingdisease • All stroke, heartfailure, and dysrhythmiarelatedmortality Relative risk of CVD-relatedmortality vs. energyexpenditure 1.5 1.0 0.5 Hazard ratio 0.0 1.07 – 1.8 1.8 – 3.6 <1.07 ≥3.6 METh/d run orwalked Williams Hypertension 2013