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Impacts of Climate Change on Fish Availability and Food Security in Samoa

This document examines the implications of climate change and population growth on fish availability, a critical resource for food security and livelihoods in Samoa. With changing oceanic and atmospheric conditions, factors such as coastal fisheries, coral reefs, and aquaculture species are assessed for their roles in sustaining fish stocks. Adaptations and policies to mitigate threats and leverage opportunities are discussed. The analysis aims to provide insights on how to maintain fish consumption levels while facing significant environmental changes affecting the region's ecosystems.

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Impacts of Climate Change on Fish Availability and Food Security in Samoa

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  1. Implications for food security and livelihoods

  2. Based on…..

  3. Where are we in the programme? Projected changes to atmospheric and oceanic conditions Ecosystems supporting fish Fish stocks/aquaculture species Implications for food security and livelihoods Adaptations and policies to reduce threats and capitalise on opportunities

  4. Outline • Factors affecting availability of fish for food • Reef area, population growth, climate change • Implications for food security • Relative importance of population growth and climate change

  5. Provide 35 kg of fish per person per year • Maintain traditional fish consumption where it is >35 kg • Samoa • >60 kg of fish per person per year Plans to use fish for food security

  6. Coastal fisheries / coral reefs, mangroves and sea grasses Where does most fish come from? Photos: Eric Clua, Gary Bell, Christophe Launay

  7. The problem! • Sustainable catches from most reefs are unknown Solution: use median estimate of 3 tonnes per km2per year

  8. Reef around Samoa

  9. Coral reef area in Samoa *Includes much rough ground with no living coral ** Includes reef fish and invertebrates, not nearshore pelagic fish

  10. Factors affecting availability of fish • Population growth Source: SPC Statistics for Development Programme

  11. Availability of reef fish per person (kg) 50 Samoa Effects of population growth on availability of fish per person 40 35 kg 30 3 20 5 6 30 10 29 25 10 0 2035 2050 2100 Year

  12. Effects of climate change Today 2035(-2 to -5%) 2050 (-20%) 2100 (-20 to -50%)

  13. Availability of reef fish per capita (kg) 50 Samoa Additional effects of climate change 40 35 kg 30 10 13 5 5 6 6 6 6 10 10 20 29 30 29 25 25 10 20 25 25 25 22 25 22 0 2035 2050 2100 Year Additional effects of climate change Effects of population growth

  14. How best to fill the gap? Tuna Tuna Tuna Tuna 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Fish needed for food security tonnes (x1000) Coastal fisheries Pond aquaculture Tuna

  15. Implications for livelihoods

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