1 / 38

Animal Reproduction

Animal Reproduction. A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction – reproduction that produces individuals who are genetically identical to the parents No sperm and egg fusion

tova
Download Presentation

Animal Reproduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Animal Reproduction A. Russo-Neustadt CSULA

  2. Asexual versus Sexual Reproduction

  3. Asexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction – reproduction that produces individuals who are genetically identical to the parents No sperm and egg fusion • Examples – budding in hydra, fragmentation & regeneration in sea stars, fission in Sea Anemones

  4. Budding

  5. Fission

  6. Sea Star Fragmentation Linkia genus

  7. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction • Isolated/sessile species • Time efficient • Conservation of energy • Like parent/Like offspring (instant adaptation)

  8. Huge Disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction • What if environmental conditions change – become unfavorable?

  9. Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction reproduction that produces offspring who are genetically different from either parent (genetic variability) requires production of gametes that fuse to form a fertile egg - Example – humans, frogs, earthworms

  10. Humans

  11. Frogs

  12. Earthworms-Hermaphrodites

  13. Advantages to Sexual Reproduction • Genetic variation • Environmental Adaptation

  14. Disadvantages to Sexual Reproduction • Isolated/solitary/non-motile animals • One potential solution for a few select animals is the evolution of Hermaphroditic characteristics (earthworm, tapeworm)

  15. Sexual ReproductionInternal versus External Fertilization

  16. External Fertilization used by aquatic animals

  17. Internal Fertilization Used by some aquatic animals and all terrestrial animals Requires copulation – and specialized organs

  18. Internal Fertilization Embryological development post-fertilization can be Oviparous Ovoviviparous Viviparous

  19. Internal Fertilization oviparous – eggs laid and hatch outside the body (examples – birds, reptiles)

  20. ovoviviparous – eggs develop inside of female’s body, but do not receive nourishment from her (example – some sharks) Interuterine Canabolism Sandtiger (embryophagy) Great White (oophagy) *others are viviparous and oviparous

  21. Viviparous – embryos develop in female’s body and receive nourishment directly from her, often using a placenta (example – mammals)

  22. What happens after animals are born or hatched?

  23. Young that hatch or are born can be Precocial – highly developed and able to move about and feed themselves, “miniature adults” (example – reptiles)

  24. Young that hatch or are born can be Altricial - immature and require considerable parental care to survive Note the energetic trade off between parental investment in lots of gametes versus significant parental care of young

  25. Human Reproduction There are two basic types of reproductive system organs – Gonads = primary sex organs = essential sex organs; ovary and testis 1. Produce the gametes 2. Produce the sex hormones that – Regulate the reproductive process Regulate development and function of the other reproductive system organs

  26. Types of reproduction system organs - continued Secondary sex organs = accessory sex organs; involved in - a. transport b. protection c. nourishment of the gametes, embryo or young

  27. Human Reproductive Anatomy

  28. Testes = primary sex organ; spermatogenesis occurs in seminiferous tubules, testosterone production occurs in cells of Leydig Sperm transport – through inguinal canal to abdominal cavity out urethra, fluids added along the way Site of final sperm maturation, takes several weeks The human male primary sex organ and associated organs

  29. The human female primary sex organ and associated organs Oviduct = fallopian tube, site of fertilization of the egg, transport of egg from ovary to uterus Ovary = primary sex organ; egg production and estrogen and progesterone production all occur within the follicles uterus

  30. Endocrine Control of Ovary and Testis Function Hormones control reproductive function

More Related