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lnsulin Receptor Pathway

This document explores the intricate insulin signaling pathway, highlighting key players such as IRS1, GRB2, and GLUT4. It details how insulin receptor activation leads to GLUT4 translocation and impacts glucose homeostasis, fatty acid synthesis, and gene expression. Additionally, it examines downstream effects on various signaling proteins, including Akt, mTOR, and JNK, as well as the modulation of anti-apoptotic mechanisms. A simplified overview of the pathway illustrates the receptor internalization and degradation processes, emphasizing their significance in cellular metabolism and insulin resistance.

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lnsulin Receptor Pathway

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  1. INSULIN Fyn Nck SHC GRB2 GLUT4 SOS IRS1 Flotillin Crk Ras GTP CAP Rab4 PI3K GRB10 APS GLUT4Vesicle Raf IRS1/2 SHC PPtase1 c-CbI MEKs AktPKB Rac Insulin JNK PDK PKC mTOR Insulin P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P ERKs GlycogenSynthase BAD EAI EAI GSK3 p70S6K eIF4EBP FKHRL1 EEF2K c-Jun BAD 14-3-3 eIF2B c-Fos EEF2 eIF4 S6 Elk c-CbI Glucose PIP2 PIP3 Lipid Raft InsulinReceptor GLUT4Translocation lnsulin Receptor Pathway PIP2 PIP3 ReceptorInternalization H+ Insulin Degradation& ReceptorDephosphorylation H+ ATP Citrate lyase EBS Translation Translation Anti-apoptosis Fatty AcidSynthesis GeneExpression TRE Gene Expression

  2. INSULIN Fyn Nck SHC GRB2 GLUT4 IRS1 Flotillin Crk CAP Rab4 PI3K APS GLUT4Vesicle IRS1/2 SHC c-CbI Rac Insulin JNK PKC Insulin P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P GlycogenSynthase EAI EAI c-Jun c-Fos c-CbI Glucose Lipid Raft PIP2 PIP3 InsulinReceptor Cell membrane GLUT4Translocation lnsulin Receptor Pathway.A SIMPLIFIED VERSION PIP2 PIP3 ReceptorInternalization H+ Insulin Degradation& ReceptorDephosphorylation H+ Nucleus Fatty AcidSynthesis Translation Gene Expression Anti-apoptosis Translation GeneExpression TRE

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