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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Learn about physical properties like viscosity, conductivity, and chemical properties such as flammability and reactivity. Identify unknown materials, solve crimes, and choose materials for various tasks using these properties. Discover methods like filtration and distillation to separate mixtures. Differentiate between physical and chemical changes with examples.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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  1. Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter

  2. Physical Properties • Physical property – any characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance

  3. Examples of Physical Properties • Viscosity – a liquids resistance to flowing • Conductivity – ability to allow heat to flow • Malleability – ability to be shaped with a hammer • Hardness

  4. Examples, cont. • Melting point – temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid • Boiling point – temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas • Density = mass/volume (“heavy” vs “light”)

  5. Using Physical Properties • Used to identify unknown materials • Ex: used in forensics to solve crimes • Used to choose appropriate material for a job • Used to separate mixtures • Filtration – separates materials based on particle size • Distillation – separate solutions based on boiling points

  6. Chemical Properties • Chemical property – produces a change in the composition of the matter

  7. Chemical Properties • Flammability – material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen • Reactivity – ability to combine chemically with another substance

  8. Recognizing Chemical Changes • A change in color (brief video) • Production of a gas (bubbles video) • Formation of a precipitate (brief precipitation video) • Precipitate – a solid that forms and separates from a liquid

  9. Physical vs Chemical Change • Physical change – occurs when some properties of a material changes, but substances in the material stays the same • Example: melting of ice • Chemical change – substance reacts and forms a new substance • Example: rusting of a nail

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