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Physical Layer

Physical Layer. Ryo Nakamura. Abstract. ・ OSI reference model ・ Encoding ・ Protocol - Protocol for Ethernet. ・ Cable - Metal cable ・ Coaxial cable ・ Twisted pair cable - Optical fiber - Wireless Communication ・ Radio ・ Free Space Optics (FSO) ・ Device.

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Physical Layer

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  1. Physical Layer Ryo Nakamura 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  2. Abstract ・ OSI reference model ・ Encoding ・ Protocol - Protocol for Ethernet 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  3. ・ Cable - Metal cable ・ Coaxial cable ・ Twisted pair cable - Optical fiber - Wireless Communication ・Radio ・Free Space Optics (FSO) ・ Device 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  4. OSI reference model 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  5. OSI reference model ・ In 1977, work on a layered model of network architecture, which was to become the OSI model, started in the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) working group on Distributed Systems (DISY). With the DISY work and worldwide input, the International Organization for Standardization(ISO) began to develop its OSI networking suite. ・ OSI has two major components: an abstract model of networking (the Basic Reference Model, or seven-layer model) and a set of concrete protocols. [Wikipedia] 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  6. OSI reference model Layer 7 Network process to application Layer 6 Data representation and encryption offer service Layer 5 Signaling Layer 4 End-to-end connections and reliability Layer 3 Path determination and logical addressing offer communication Layer 2 Physical addressing Layer 1 Media, signal and binary transmission 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  7. ・ Application Layer ・ Presentation Layer ・ Session Layer When to start Application Signaling DATA DATA Format OSI Upper Layer 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  8. ・ Transport Layer ・ Network Layer ・ Data Link Layer ・ Physical Layer Reliability 0101 OSI Lower Layer 0101 Data transmission at the node interval Routing Physical connection 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  9. DATA Function of Physical Layer ⇒ Conversion data into electrical signal Electrical Signal Ethernet controller Buffer PHY tip LAN adapter Ethernet controller : Encode data PHY (Physical) tip : D/A (Digital / Analog) conversion 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  10. ⇒ Conversion electrical signal into data Electrical Signal MAC tip Trance PHY tip Buffer LAN adapter Trance : Insulate the inside and the outside of LAN adapter PHY tip : Judge a bit from electrical signal MAC tip : Take out MAC frame based on Ethernet specifications from bit string 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  11. Encoding 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  12. ・ NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) 0 → Low Level 1 → Hi Level ※ 1000BASE-X ・ NRZI (Non-Return to Zero Inversion) 0 → No Change Level 1 → Change Level ※ FDDI, 100BASE-FX ・ Manchester 0 → Hi ⇒Low 1 → Low⇒Hi ※ 10BASE5、2、-T ・MLT-3 0 → No Change Level 1 → Change Level (Middle⇒Hi⇒Middle⇒Low⇒) ※ 100BASE-TX、CDDI Encoding 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  13. Encoding 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  14. ・ 4B / 5B (4-bit / 5-bit) Decimal / 4-bit / 5bit 0 / 0000 / 11110 1/ 0001 / 01001 2/ 0010 / 10100 3/ 0011 / 10101 4/ 0100 / 01010 5/ 0101 / 01011 6/ 0110 / 01110 7/ 0111 / 01111 8/ 1000 / 10010 9/ 1001 / 10011 A/ 1010 / 10110 B/ 1011 / 10111 C/ 1100 / 11010 D/ 1101 / 11011 E/ 1110 / 11100 F/ 1111 / 11101 Block Encoding 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  15. Protocol 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  16. Protocol ・ RS-232C (Recommended Standard 232C) ・ ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) ・ xDSL (x Digital Subscriber Line) - ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) ・ IEEE 802.11 (Wireless LAN) ・ SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) SONET (Synchronous Optical NETworking) ・ Protocol for Ethernet 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  17. RS-232C ⇒ Connect a peripheral devices to a PC  (Serial communication method) 9 Pin Serial Port 25 Pin Serial Port 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  18. 2 channels for communication 64kbps(B channel) 1 channel for control 16kbps(D channel) ISDN ⇒ The digital communications network that unified telephone, FAX and data communication INSNet64 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  19. PC ISDN TA Phone DSU IP Phone DTE DCE TA (Terminal Adapter) : Convert Non-ISDN signal into ISDN signal DSU (Digital Service Unit) : Synchronization control & Signal conversion ※DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) : Data handling device DCE (Data Circuit-terminating Equipment) : Converting or Coding device 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  20. xDSL ⇒ The general term of high-speed digital data communication technology with telephone wire 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  21. Digital Analog Phone Splitter PC modular jack Modem ADSL Modem (MOdulator-DEMotulatot) : Convert Ethernet signal into ADSL signal Splitter : Divide Voice signal and Data signal 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  22. IEEE 802.11 ⇒one of the wireless LAN related standards 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  23. SONET/SDH Important ⇒The international standard of the high speed digital communication method with optical fiber OC : Optical Carrier 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  24. Protocol for Ethernet 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  25. Cable 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  26. Coaxial cable 1. Inner conductor 2. Insulator surrounding the Inner conductor 3. Metallic shield and outer conductor 4. Outer insulating jacket Characteristic ・ Few leaks of the electromagnetic wave to the outside. ・ Able to bend. ・ Able to transmit of a wide frequency range. ・ Structure is complicated, and price is high. 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  27. 10BASE5 (Thick cable, yellow cable) Transceiver 2.5m~ Thick Coax 10mm Transceiver Cable N Connector ~50m N Terminator AUI connector NIC Terminator : prevent the reflection of the signal NIC : Network Interface Card 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  28. 10BASE2 (Thin cable) Thin Coax 5mm NIC BNC T Connector 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  29. TX+ TX- RX+ RX- TX : Transmit pair RX : Receive pair Twisted pair cable UTP (Unshielded twisted pair) STP (Shielded twisted pair) Characteristic ・ Cheap and Easy to treat. ・ Wire freely. ・ Affected by the powerful electricity and electromagnetic wave. 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  30. e : enhanced a : augmented 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  31. Optical fiber Core : Light advances. Cladding : Light is reflected. Buffer : Relax shock. Jacket : Protect. 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  32. Multi mode Single mode ・ Strong to bend. ・ Easy to connect. ・ Cheap. ・ Made of plastic. (Cladding:fluorine-based polymer) ・ Little transmission loss. ・ Made of quartz glass. ( Core:Ge,P , Cladding:B,F) 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  33. Conversion between Electricity and Light Laser diode Photo diode e.g. CATV 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  34. 【Radio】 ・ Electric wave ・ strong for obstacle (・ license is necessary) ・ mobile phone, PHS ・ Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) 【FSO】 ・ Infrared ray (IR) or Visible spectrum ・ weak for obstacle ・ license is unnecessary ・ PC, remote controller ・ IrDA ⇒ UFIR Wireless Communication ・ The wiring space is unnecessary. ・ Mobile communication is possible. ・ Able to build LAN immediately. ・ Able to communicate outdoors. 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  35. EM spectrum 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  36. Bluetooth ・ Use frequency band of 2.4GHz. ・ Transmission length is radius of 10~100m. ・ Low power consumption ・ Low cost 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  37. IrDA (Infrared Data Association) ・ Use Infrared ray (IR). ・ Used for mobile game. 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  38. Other communication style ・ Communications Satellite ⇒The wireless communication that use the microwave from artificial satellite ・ Power Line Communication (PLC) ⇒Technology to use a power line as telecommunication line. 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  39. Device 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  40. collision A B C D Repeater HUB ⇒ Reproduce and Relay signal. 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  41. Function of Repeater HUB ・ Retiming function ⇒ The transmission signal comes under various influence of decrement, the distortion of the wave pattern, increase of the jitter in a cable during transmission. Repeater HUB has a function to restore the signal that It received to keep quality as the electrical signal in a transmission process and call it “Retiming function". ・ Preamble reproducing function ⇒ Continuation of 1 and 0 of 7 bytes to be called Preamble is added to the top of the communication frame that drifts to a cable, but there is the case that phenomena such as the bit loss occur for this preamble in a transmission process. We call a function to return this preamble to an original state “Preamble reproduction function". 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

  42. A B C D Switching HUB ⇒ Repeater Hub + Bridge 作成: 中村 遼 (大学院 情報科学府)

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