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Nziku, Z.C.; Asheim, L.J.; Mwaseba, D. ; EIK, L.O. and Kifaro, G.

Agricultural production systems in Mgeta, Mvomero District of Tanzania. Nziku, Z.C.; Asheim, L.J.; Mwaseba, D. ; EIK, L.O. and Kifaro, G. SUA/Noragric/NILF. SYNOPSIS. Intro : Mgeta and study justification Challenges and questions Objective Methods Mapping production systems in Mgeta

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Nziku, Z.C.; Asheim, L.J.; Mwaseba, D. ; EIK, L.O. and Kifaro, G.

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  1. Agricultural production systems in Mgeta, Mvomero District of Tanzania Nziku, Z.C.; Asheim, L.J.; Mwaseba, D. ; EIK, L.O. and Kifaro, G. SUA/Noragric/NILF

  2. SYNOPSIS • Intro: Mgeta and study justification • Challenges and questions • Objective • Methods • Mapping production systems in Mgeta • Conclusion and further work Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  3. Introduction: About Mgeta • Located on the western side of the Uluguru mountains, 60km from Morogoro town • High altitude 1100-1900m with relatively cool weather • Rain: Sept.-May-270d, dry:Jun.-Aug.95d • About 84% of work force depend on small farming • Agriculture is largely market driven • A wide range of horticultural crops and fruits Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) Sokoine UniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  4. Introduction: Mgeta agric.. • Manual field work in very steep slopes • Vegetables - livestock integration (25yrs for DGTs) • Adapted to rain and dry season cycles • NDGTs& crosses-predominant breed • Local goats are mainly for upgrading • >1500 NDGTs and crosses in 2003 (Tchenzemaand Nyandira) • Some pigs and poultryalsocommon Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  5. Intro. Study justification • No possibility for land expansion due to: • Water catchment area for Morogoro and other lowland areas • Important forest reserve area • Steep slopes require investments • Risk of erosion in steepslopes • Needfor more permanent vegetation Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  6. Challenges • Climate change awareness, • increased population, • intensive production systems, • competition for water with other areas, • poverty and malnutrition. • All these might work together in Mgeta! Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  7. Questions and objective • How to cope with the present situation in the best possible way? • Can integrated dairy goat systems become viable economically and environmentally? • This studyaimed at developing a modelofsuchintegrated systems • We start by a questionnary to farmers regarding economic and environmental constraints Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  8. Methods: Study area map Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  9. Methods • Purposive sampling technique used • A structured questionnaire developed and used • GPS was used to find plot size • Amount and cost of crop input and output according to plot and season quantified • Revenue from harvest by plot season investigated • Mineral fertilizer, manure and spray use counted • Working h for each crop estimated • Working h livestock management estimated Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  10. Methods • Multipurpose trees, crop residue use enumerated • Animal feeding design, inputs, h required, outputs (milk, live animals and meat) quantified Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  11. Results: Plot characteristics • Common with > two plots, 0.5 acres • Walking time is 0.20, 0.23 and 1.16 h to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd plots • Hand hoe used in field work • The MPPT are mainly found around home Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  12. Mapping Cropproduction • In addition to mixed cropping, farmers keepNDGTs, pigs and poultry • Some traditional irrigation is taking place • Intercropping common e.g. beans & maize • Only 32% of the respondent use crop residues for livestock Use of inputs per plot (0.5acre) per season • 370kg manure • 20kg mineral fertilizers • 1.12kg spray Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  13. Mapping Cropinput, cost & harvest Amount of crop seeds (kg) per 0.5 acre Cost of inputs (TSH) per 0.5 acre Crop yields (kg) per 0.5 acre Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  14. Mapping Livestock production: • Av. head size: 5, 4 & 3 for DGTs, MGTs and Pigs • Tethering (DGT, MGT), indoor (DGT, MGT &Pigs) and scavenging (Poultry) • On av. 1 L milk/milking per day from one DGT(300days LL) NDGTs and by-products market price • Raw milk sold at 1000/L • Yoghurt at 2000/L • Live F kid at 150,000TZS three months age • Live M kid at < 150,000TZS three months age Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  15. Mapping Livestock production Opportunities for increased milk from DGT • Improved marketing for milk and milk products • More milk added values • More MPPTs and improved fodders • More concentrates • Good policy in favour of DGTs • Capacity building to extension agents & farmers • Farmers involvement in DGTs breeding programs Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  16. MPPTs and Grass Common fruit trees around home field: • Plums (Prunusspp) • Peaches (Prunuspersica) • Pears (Pyrusspp) • Apples (Malusspp) • Banana (Musa spp) Trees and grasses at borders and communal land • Mulberry (morusspp) (goats feeding) • Leucaenaspp– (goats feeding) • Pennisetumspp–(Grass for feeding) Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  17. Livestock inputs and revenue Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  18. Labour requirement Hours required for cropping per season per 0.5 acre Hours required for livestock per animal/year Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  19. Conclusion and further work • Crop-livestock is a potential system for improving the livelihood of people in Mgeta • Intensification of DGTs and more MPPT/grass can be an option for economically and environmentally friendly farming in the water catchment area Further tasks: • Parameter estimation for the model • Running the model • Findings may be used to examine the economic and environmental impacts of the production systems and develop policy measures for more C sequestration Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

  20. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING THE END Norwegian Agr. Econ. Research Institute (NILF) SokoineUniversityofAgriculture (SUA)

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