Understanding Operating Systems: Functions, Installation, and Maintenance

1. Operating Systems Review

2. 5 Purposes of an Operating System • Provide User Interface • Communicate with Hardware • Create and Manage a File System • Network Support • Provide Structure to Support Applications

3. Installation

4. Partitions • Every disk needs at least 1 partition to install an operating system • Formatting a partition will allow you to install an operating system (NTFS, FAT16, etc) • Max Number of Partitions on Basic Disc is 4! • Primary and Secondary Partitions • Active Partitions

5. Active Partitions • This is where the OS system files are • Motherboard looks for the active partition to begin running or booting the OS • boot.ini is the file that windows uses to declare where the systems are.

6. Extended Partition • Doesn’t hold an operating system • Basic Disc • Logical Drives • Basically large named folders in the Extended Partition

7. Basic vs. Dynamic Disks • Uses NTFS or FAT32 file systems • Can create primary partitions or active partition • Dynamic Disk – unknown file system (Microsoft won’t tell anyone how it works)

8. File Systems • NTFS • FAT16 • FAT32

9. FAT16 • The Primary Partition can only be up to 2 GB • File names can only be 8 characters • File extensions can only be 3 characters

10. FAT32 • 32 GB Size Hard drives (Basically) • Used mostly with Windows 98, 2000 and some XP • No security available

11. NTFS • New Technology File System • Nice long file name and extensions • Supports file encryption (You still have to have at least XP Pro) • Most common file system used today

12. Windows Requirements • Size of Disk Space • RAM • Processing Speed/Processor • Video/Monitor Support

13. Windows XP Requirements • Minimum • 233 MHz Processor • 64 MB RAM • 1.5 GB HDD Space • CD-ROM/DVD-ROM • Super VGA (800 x 600) • Recommended • 300 MHz Processor • 128 MB RAM • 1.5 GB HDD Space • CD-ROM/DVD-ROM • Super VGA (800 x 600)

14. Windows Vista Requirement • Home Basic • 800 MHz Processor • 512 MB Memory • Direct X (graphics api) • 20 GB HDD Space • DVD drive • Other Versions • 1 GHz Processor • 1 GB System Memory • Direct X • 40 GB HDD Space • DVD drive

15. Windows 7 Requirements • 32 Bit Processor • 1 GHz Processor • 1 GB RAM • 16 GB HDD Space • Direct X9 • 64 Bit Processor • 1 GHz Processor • 2 GB RAM • 20 GB HDD Space • Direct X9

16. Installation Menu • Options • Install • Repair • Exit

17. Installation process • Partition the Drive • Format the Partition • Unpack the Installation Files • Install the Operating System • Set – up Time and Date and Language • Enter your Product Key • Set-up an Administrative User • Activate ? • If you don’t activate Windows, after 30 days you are locked out

18. Serial Number • CD Key • Product Key • This is used to unlock your software

19. Activation • Must be done with in 30 days or you are locked out • Activate over the internet if you have an internet connection • Active by calling their 1-800 number with your product key

20. Maintenance

21. Control Panel

22. Administrative Tools • Performance • See how your cpu, ram and other devices are running • Computer Management • Disk Managment • Device Manager • Disk Defragmenter • Services • See what services are running and their settings

23. Display • Screensaver • Desktop • Background Picture • Settings • Resolution • Dual Monitors • Appearance • Colors of windows, etc.

24. System Settings • This is your basic System Properties • You can also get to this from right-clicking My Computer • See your RAM, CPU, and OS properties • Device Manager • Remote • Get to Remote Assistant and Remote Desktop Settings

25. Power Options • Power Schemes • Alarms • Power Meter • Advanced • Hibernate

26. Power Schemes

27. Advanced – Power Options

28. Hibernate – Power Options • Save the state of the computer to the hard drive and shuts everything down.

29. Users • Standard • Can install • Can’t mess with System files • Restricted • Can’t Install Programs • Power User • Have most administrative priviledges • Administrator • Complete Unrestrict access • Guest • Like a Standard user, no saving though

30. Security

31. Add / Remove Programs • Duh!

32. Automatic Updates • Automatic Update On • Download and Install • Download Automatically –let me choose when to install • Don’t Download Automatically, show me a list and let me choose • Automatic Update Off

33. Folder Options • Show/Hide Folders and Files • Change Programs that are associated with different file extensions

34. Printers and Faxes • Add a Printer • Printer Maintenance

35. Firewall • Blocks other programs from running on your machine through the network • You can add exceptions for programs • Remote Desktop and Remote Assistance need to be added as exceptions

36. Windows 7 Gadgets

37. Windows 7 Parental Controls

38. MSCONFIG • Start Menu -> Run and type msconfig • You can get to Regedit • Services • Start-Up

39. Defragmenting • Right-Click My Computer and go to manage • Control Panel -> Administrative Tools • Start -> All Progams -> Accessories -> System Tools • Moves the parts of files together on the hard drive

40. Disk Cleanup • Delete Temp Files • Empty Recycling Bin • Compress old files

41. Check Disk • Checks hard drive for physical errors. • Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools • DOS command is CHKDSK • Doesn’t repair, puts “cones” around the sector so it isn’t used again – BAD SECTOR

42. Backup – found in System Tools • Back up files and Restore Files

43. DOS Commands • CD – change directory • DIR – list contents of directory • .. – Parent directory • COPY – copies a single file • XCOPY – copies contents of a folder • MD – make directory • RD – remove directory • TYPE – display a text file • COPY CON- copy what I type in the console to a file • IPCONFIG – show ip address configuration • PING – send test packets to check for a connection

44. Troubleshooting

45. BSOD • Blue Screen of Death • Boot Error or RAM Error • Restart Computer • Recovery Console – DOS console that you can boot to from the Windows installation disk • FIXBOOT – fixes boot.ini • FIXMBR – fixes master boot record

46. Viruses • A file that replicates itself • Has to be run – usually found in email attachments and shared files through peer-to-peer networks • Trojan – a program that is doing something in the background you don’t want (Trojan Horse) – use a Firewall or don’t download illegal material. • Worm – like a virus, but you don’t have to run it to get it. If you connect to a network that has it, you’ll get it

47. Start Up Services • In MSCONFIG • You can enable or disable certain services • Start up in Safe Mode – no services running

48. Remote Desktop • Unblock FireWall • Connected on the network to the remote computer • Know a user account and password on that computer • Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Remote Desktop Connection • Gives you control of the machine, blocks the user out

49. Remote Assistant • Unblock in Firewall • Create an invitation file • Send the invitation through email or a chat program • Allows you to help someone remotely, but they can still have control • Usually you have a time limit and a password

50. Device Manager • Fix driver errors for Hardware • Right-Click on My Computer - > Properties -> Hardware tab • Right-Click on My Computer -> Manage -> Device Manager • Control Panel -> Administrative Tools • Yellow Exclamation – bad driver • Red X – this device has been disabled