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Starter – Which is the odd one out? Why?

Starter – Which is the odd one out? Why?. Enzyme. Channel Protein. Facilitated diffusion. Water. Lunchtime today – transport and enzymes tutorial 12.30pm here. Photosynthesis. SC: Describe products and reactions of photosynthesis, limiting factors and structure of the chloroplast.

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Starter – Which is the odd one out? Why?

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  1. Starter – Which is the odd one out? Why? Enzyme Channel Protein Facilitated diffusion Water Lunchtime today – transport and enzymes tutorial 12.30pm here.

  2. Photosynthesis SC: Describe products and reactions of photosynthesis, limiting factors and structure of the chloroplast.

  3. Photosynthesis is………… • Fundamentally important to virtually all life on earth • Occurs in green plants, some bacteria and algae • Transforms radiant energy (sunlight) into chemical potential energy • Organisms called autotrophs (self feeding)

  4. Requirements for Photosynthesis • CO2- enters from the air through stomata • H2O - from the cell sap (originally from the soil) • Sunlight - red and blue wavelengths • Enzymes - to control the reactions

  5. Photosynthesis Equation

  6. The Process of Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of cells • There are two phase for photosynthesis: • Light Phase (light dependant) - occurs in the grana • Dark Phase (light independent) - occurs in the stroma

  7. ChloroplastStructure

  8. Microscope chloroplasts…

  9. Light Phase (Photo part) • Dependent on light • Occurs in the grana of chloroplasts • Chlorophyll absorbs light energy - uses it to split H2O into hydrogen and oxygen atoms • Energy in the form of ATP and NADPH is produced by splitting water

  10. Light Phase (Photo part) • Hydrogen atoms in NADPH are carried to the stroma to be used in the dark phase • Some oxygen is released from the chloroplasts to be used in respiration • The rest is released into the atmosphere

  11. Calvin Cycle (dark phase) • (The synthesis part) • Doesn’t need light • Occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts • Uses ATP and NADPH from the light phase in a series of enzyme controlled reactions. • CO2 from the air combines with H atoms from the light phase to produce glucose molecules

  12. Overview of Photosynthesis

  13. Products of Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis produces complex carbohydrates: • glucose - used as fuel for respiration • starch - which is stored in starch granules • cellulose - for forming cell walls

  14. By-Products of Photosynthesis • Oxygen gas is a by-product of photosynthesis • Released into the atmosphere • Used by animals for breathing • Photosynthesis maintains the atmospheric CO2 / O2 ratio at a constant level

  15. To Summarise • Photosynthesis is the process occurring in green plants which transforms carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight. Energy is stored in the forms of glucose, starch and cellulose • Energy (ATP) produced by splitting H2O in the light phase… • Is used to fix more energy (glucose) in the dark phase • Glucose is then used for respiration

  16. To Summarise

  17. Video

  18. Remember Plant and animal cells carry out respiration all the time. But plants only carry out photosynthesis during the day. They usually carry out more photosynthesis than respiration

  19. Limiting factors for photosynthesis Light levels Availability of CO2 and water Temperature Can you explain why each of these factors will affect the rate of photoshynthesis?

  20. A few crazy videos about P/S http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_1mxZdF2TY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g78utcLQrJ4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wj8TGhcCnxs

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