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Formulas and Names in Chemistry: A Comprehensive Guide

Explore the significance of chemical formulas, naming systems, and the nomenclature of compounds in chemistry. Learn to determine formula units of compounds, name monatomic ions, binary ionic compounds, and more. From monatomic ions to binary molecular compounds to acids, this guide covers essential concepts in chemical nomenclature.

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Formulas and Names in Chemistry: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds Section 1: Chemical Names and Formulas

  2. Overview • We will explain the significance of a chemical formula. • We will again look at how to determine the formula unit of an ionic compound. • We will name an ionic compound based on its formula unit. • We will use prefixes to name binary molecular compounds based on its formula. • We will write the name of a binary molecular compound based on its name.

  3. Significance of Formulas • A chemical formula indicates what elements there are in the compound. • It also says by the subscripts how many atoms of that element are needed. • Fe2O3 – 2 Iron Atoms, 3 Oxygen Atoms • Al2(SO4)3 – 2 Aluminum Atoms, 3 Sulfur Atoms, and 12 Oxygen Atoms • Nomenclature – A naming system.

  4. Naming Monatomic Ions • Monatomic ions are made of only one charged atom. • Naming Cations • Barium → Barium cation or Barium ion • Cesium → Cesium cation or Cesium ion • Naming Anions • Sulfur → Sulfide anion or Sulfide ion • Oxygen → Oxide anion or Oxide ion

  5. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • If needed, solve for the formula unit. (pg 222) • Naming the formula unit: Al2O3 • Aluminum Oxide • Work it backward: Iron (II) Oxide • FeO • Stock system of nomenclature: Al2O3 • Aluminum (III) Oxide

  6. Naming Polyatomic Ion Compounds • Naming Polyatomic ion compounds: Al(NO3)3 • Aluminum Nitrate • Aluminum (III) Nitrate • See page 226 or your Mastery Manual for a list of Polyatomic ions and their names. • Oxyanions – Anions that contain oxygens.

  7. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • See Table 7-3 on page 228 for a list of prefixes. • This nomenclature is for covalent compounds only, not for ionic compounds. • Still use the –ide suffix for nonmetals. • H2O • Dihydrogen oxide • Carbon tetrachloride • CCl4

  8. Naming Acids • See table 7-5 on page 230 for a list of common acids and their names. • Salt – An ionic compound made of a cation and anion that formed from and acid-base reaction. • Most common: • H2SO4 – Sulfuric Acid • HNO3 – Nitric Acid • HCl – Hydrochloric Acid • CH3COOH – Acetic Acid

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