Overview of Programming in C (Part 3)

1. An Overview of Programming in C (part 3) by Erin Chambers CS140: Intro to CS

2. Getting started • Please log in to the computer, click on the startup menu (located in bottom left corner) • Select “Utilities” -> “Kate” to open a text editor

3. Running our program • We need to compile our C program using the compiler called cc • The compiler then outputs an executable file which will run our program, usually called a.out • To run it, open up a Konsole (the little black screen icon at the bottom), type “cc filename.c”, then type “./a.out” at a command prompt

4. Recap • Numbers - int, float • Output – printf • Input - scanf • If-else statements • While loops • Characters - char

5. Characters • The data type char stores a single character • Each character is actually represented as a number, just like with ASCII • To read or write a character variable, use %c

6. Basic char program #include <stdio.h> main(void) { char letter; printf(“Enter a character:”); scanf(“%c”,&letter); printf(“You entered %c”, letter); return 0; }

7. Fun with char #include <stdio.h> main(void) { char letter; \\initialize letter to be a character \\Read in a character printf(“Enter a character:”); scanf(“%c”, &letter); \\Print out the character and its associated number printf(“The character you entered is %c \n”, letter); printf(“Its C number is %d”, letter); return 0; }

8. Char tricks #include <stdio.h> main(void) { char letter; int number; //Prompt user to enter a character printf("Enter a letter:"); scanf("%c", &letter); //Find the next letter in the alphabet and print it number = letter; number = number + 1; printf("The next letter is %c\n", number); return 0; }

9. A shortcut • The c command “getchar()” reads the next character from the input • So letter = getchar(); is equivalent to scanf(“%c”, &letter);

10. Count the length of a message #include <stdio.h> main(void) { char ch; int length = 0; //Prompt the user for a message //Read the first character of the message //while loop to count how the message is //print length of message return 0; }