1 / 15

Kuliah IV

Kuliah IV. LEARNING AND MEMORY . LEARNING. LEARNING. Stimulus  Senses  Orienting Reflex Orienting Reflex (Reflex Orientasi/penyesuaian ): Looking, listening, touching, sniffing, to find out about the new stimulus. Habituated (Pembiasaan):

tim
Download Presentation

Kuliah IV

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Kuliah IV LEARNING AND MEMORY

  2. LEARNING

  3. LEARNING • Stimulus  Senses  Orienting Reflex • Orienting Reflex (Reflex Orientasi/penyesuaian): • Looking, listening, touching, sniffing, to find out about the new stimulus. • Habituated (Pembiasaan): • Through repeated encounter of the same stimuluus, the unfamiliar becomes familiar and common.

  4. Definition of Learning • Definition : Any relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of practice or experience : • Learning is a change in behavior (positive or negative or neutral) • Change through practice or experience, not due to growth or maturation. • Change is relatively permanent must last a fairly long time.

  5. CONDITIONING Conditioning: • Simplest, most basic learning • Acquire specific patterns of behavior Classical Conditioning :  Ivan Pavlov Classical Conditioning: Jenis proses belajar dimana dipelajari mentransfer respons terhadap satu stimulus ke lain stimulus.

  6. Istilah-Istilah dalam Classical Conditioning • Unconditioned Stimulus (US) Stimulus yang menyebabkan suatu respons yang khas (makanan anjing) • Unconditioned Response (UR) Respons yang terjadi terhadap suatu unconditioned stimulus (liur) • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Stimulus yang awalnya netral, dikaitkan dengan US dan akhirnya menghasilkan respons sendiri (bunyi bel) • Conditioned Response (CR) Respons yang dipelajari dan dihasilkan melalui classical conditioning (liur/lapar pada saat bunyi bel)

  7. A paradigm of the classical conditioning processs CS (Bell) No response US (Food) UR (Salivation) But During conditioning US (Food) UR (Salivation) CS (Bell) Followed by After conditioning CS (Bell) CR (Salivation)

  8. Classical Conditioning • Contoh lain : US : tikus putih US : tidak takut CS : bunyi keras menyertai US CR : takut Relearning : US : tikus putih CS : kehadiran permen UR : menyenangkan CR : senang dengan permen CR : tidak takut dengan tikus putih

  9. INSTRUMENTAL/OPERANT CONDITIONING • Instrumental learning : The process of learning in which if the condition of change (instrument) is a reward, the behavior will be more likely to occur again in the future, and if the condition of change (instrument) is a punishment, the behavior will be more likely to decrease in the future. • Instrumental Learning: • Positive Reinforcement : Reward • Negative Reinforcement : Punishment

  10. Example of reinforcement in everyday life

  11. Cognitive Learning • Change in behavior by the way information is processed in the mind as a result of past experience, where significance and associations are made, and stored in memory for future use. • Cognitive Learning : • Latent Learning : learning that is not demonstrated until there is favorable conditions or incentive. (info yang dipelajari disimpan dulu sampai ada keadaan yang memerlukan di pakai) • Observational Learning : Learning that results simply from observing other people’s behavior or experience.

  12. MEMORY

  13. The sequence of information processing in memory Raw information flows from the senses into the sensory registers, where it is either further processed or lost. Information chosen for further processing enters short-term memory, from which it is either forgotten or transferred into long-term memory. Long-term memory Sensory register Rehearsal and coding External stimulus Initial processing Retrieval Short-term memory Repetition Forgetting through decay Forgetting through interference or decay

  14. Retroactive interference Experimental Group Learn list of rivers engage in unrelated activity Learn list of mountains Recall list of mountains Learn list of mountains Learn list of rivers Learn list of mountains engage in unrelated activity Learn list of rivers Recall list of rivers Control Group Proactive interference Experimental Group Control Group Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

  15. Assignment • Give an example of a learning process in school, and describe the type of learning process. • Give an example of a learning process at home, and describe the type of learning process. • When you study for a test, how do you put the information into your memory?

More Related