Culture profile of Turkey and Hungary

1. Cultureprofile of TurkeyandHungary By: Bálint Hofgard Björn Meyer Andrea Sárkány Anett Tiringer Gréta Vida Júlia Záhorszki

2. Structure of thepresentation • General knowledge of thetwo country • Economy, Politics, Populationcharacteristics, romotionopportunities • Five-dimensional modell of Geert Hofstede - Turkey • Five-dimensional modell of Geert Hofstede - Hungary • DifferencesbetweenTurkey and Hungary • Summary

3. Budapest Ankara

4. General knowledgeaboutTurkey 783,562km2 75,627,384people Unitaryparliamentaryrepublic Turkish Turkishlira

5. General knowledgeabout Hungary 93,030km2 9,942,000 people Parliamentaryrepublic Hungarian Forint

6. Legalform of thecountries • Base of their jurisdiction is the Saría • It is used in all fields of life • It is the main means of regulating the life of the community • Its use and interpretation differs regionally and culturally • Its main sources are the Koran and Szunna • The jurisdiction based on the Basic Law • It included the fundamental rights and duties of citizens • The Constitution, the highest law of the state • The Fourth Amendment was the greatest change ever in their law. It affected the law in 22 points

7. Economicstability • GDP considerablyincreasing • Data shows a downward trend instatedebt • Unemployment is decreasing • Hungarian export toTurkey is increasingat a higherrate, than import • The economy is growing, dueto trade and foreinginvestment (tourism, agriculture, manufacturing)

8. Politics • Corruption index showsthatsituationinTurkey is similartoin Hungary (Hungary is 46., while is Turkeyis 54.) • Therearenegotiationsgoingonconcerning EU membership • GovernmenttryingtoeasesomerestrictionsonKurdishlanguage ad culture

9. Populationcharacteristics • Householdinruralareasarebigger, thereare more childreninthefamily • People in cities have a higher standard of living, they have more income • Thus, firstly, we shoud aim at bigger cities, such as Ankara, Istambul, Izmir etc.

10. Promotionopportunities • Membershipinthechambers of industry and commerce is mandatory • Daily paperswith a circulationnumber of severalhundredsofthousands (f.e.:Hürriyet, Milliyet, Sabah) and economicjournal (Dunya) • Sixteennationalchannelsbroadcasttheirprograms (300 private TV, more than 1000 radiostation) • About 36.4 millionpeoplewere online in mid-2012 (somesitesmay be filtered, e.g.: Youtube) • There is a strongcensorshipinTurkey

11. Five-dimensional model of Geert Hofstede • Small and largepowerdistance • Individualism and collectivism • Masculinity and feminility • Giveuncertaintymissaboutweak and strong • Long-term versus short-termorientation

12. Small and largepowerdistance Smallpowerdistance: • Minimizethedifferencesbetweenpeople,wherethepowerdistance is low • Peopleareequal, forexample: • teacher-studentrelationship • Boss –employeerelationship • Suchlikethat: Denmark, Sweden, Ireland Large power distance: • The hierarchy is determinative • SocialInequality • Hierarchyatallwalks of life (hierarchia az élet minden területén): incase of school, home, workplace, • Thisincludes: China, Venezuela and the arabian countries

13. Small and largepowerdistance • Characteristic of Turkish people: • - dependent • - superiors • - hierarchical • - often inaccessible • The ideal boss-type is a father figure • Employees expect to be told what to do • The communication is indirect and the information flow is selective • The people rely on their bosses and on rules • Respect and honor plays a big role, especially to the older people • Hungary has mediumpowerdistance index • Itmeans, thatineveryday life inthehierarchyplays a major role. • Therearelargedifferencesingeneration of thehungarianculture • The young Hungaryan managers less uncertain as the older generation. • British and American managers mentioned that there is strong hierarchical organizational behavior in hungarian people and they are more formal

14. Individualism and collectivism - Turkey Individualism • People belong to in-groups (family, clans and organizations), who look after each other in exchange for loyalty • The “we” is very important • Harmony of the group has been maintained. Open conflicts are avoided. • The relationship has a moral base • Feedback is always indirect • Time must be invested to establish a relationship of trust • You have to spend time to know each other

15. Masculinity and femininity - Turkey • Turkeys masculinity and femininity are basically balanced, but more on the feminine side • Softer aspects of culture such as leveling with others, consensus, sympathy for the underdog and encouraged are valued • Conflicts are avoids in private and in business • Leisure life is important for Turks • Time with the whole family • Time with the clan • Or friends

16. Uncertainty avoidance - Turkey • Turkish people need a lot of laws and rules • The Turks do a lot of rituals to minimize the anxiety • For foreigners it seems religions, but often they are only traditional social patterns

17. Shorttermorientation- Turkey • The Turkish people are more short term orientationed • Because, their religion creates a tradition, thus creating a short term orientationfor their culture

18. Individualism and collectivism - Hungary Individualism • The hungarian culture is individualism, so it means that it becomes conspicous and it is more important than the interests of society. • The culture of individualismfeaturetheself-reliance and centralismtoo Collectivism • It is theopposite of individualism and it is aheadthegroup’s interest, thanindividual’sinterests. Hungarianculture

19. Masculinity and feminility - Hungary Masculinityculture • Materialwelfare • Sturdiness • Emotiondiscrimination • Spirituallystrong Feminimculture • Takecare • Human relationship is important • Solidarity • "Weworktolive" Hungarianculture

20. Give uncertainty miss about weak and strong????????? The hungarianculture is stronglyuncertainty Dismisstheinnovation Anxiety The differentthingsaresurelydangerous Stress Fear of theunknown Risk Uncertainty

21. Long-term versus short-termorientation The dynamic future-orientation contrasts thestatic past and present orientation Persistence Thrift Perseverance Clear separation of status Develop a sense of shame in those who fail to fulfill the tasks

22. Thismodelshowsmostlythedifferencebetweentheapproach of European and Asia Short-termtimeorientation Long-term time orientation

23. DifferencesbetweenTurkey and Hungary • Salutation: • Withdeepbow • Handshake: withthe right handonly • Friends: salutewith 2 kisses • Saluteolderpeoplewithhand kissing • Lowdistancebetweenparties • Salutation: • Name and politephrase (Kovács úr – Mr.Kovács) • Rank and politephrase (Miniszter úr – Minister) • Business card: it’sveryimportantinthebusiness life

24. DifferencesbetweenTurkey and Hungary • Taboo topics: • Family and personalmatters • Othersreligion, politicalbeliefscriticizing • Negativecommentstoprivateperson, who is present • Financial position • Tabootopics: • Can’teatwithlefthand • Can’taskmenabouthisfemalfamilymember • Don’tpraisethingsareintheflatorinoffice • Don’t go awayin front of a prayingpeople • Don’tcriticizepeoplewhoarenotpresent

25. DifferencesbetweenTurkey and Hungary • Clothinghabits: • Formaldressformen: suit and tie • Formalforwomen: costumewithhigh-heeledshoes (can’tdecolletage) • Womencan’tweartrousers) • Shortcanwearonlythebeach • Jeansacceptedifit is notshabby • Clothing habits: • Formal and conservative • Men: darksuit, whiteshirt, tie • Women: suitsorelegantdresses, highqualityaccessories • In the business world you cannot wear shorts • Weekdaysjeansaccepted

26. DifferencesbetweenTurkey and Hungary • Negotiatinghabits: • Subjectivementality • Mix of theeuropean and asianvalues • Public expression of emotion is natural • Negotiationprocessesarelongerthanin Europe • Negotiations start withdiscussion of personaltopics • Nottypical: confidental business relationships • Negotiatinghabits: • Transaction is a slowprocess • Includeseating, drinking, entertainment • Wanttounderstandeverything, curious • Contracts are understandable and concise • Hungarians are preparednegotiators

27. Summary • Turkey is a big country, with large population and several opportunities • There are existing Turkish-Hungarian relations • The stable economic growth offers great potential to penetrate the market, and make profit • Many ways of advertising is possible • By respecting, studying and adepting to their culture, habbits, and relegion, we can survive, grow, and maybe, later on, dominate the market

28. Thankyouforyourattention!